1928 Confederate Veterans of Virginia Program and Ribbon
Item #: 15965
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Offered is a very clean program and ribbon from the 1928 annual reunion of the Confederate Veterans of Virginia held in Portsmouth, Virginia. The ribbon is white. Written in red ink on the ribbon is "Confederate Veteran - 1928". The ribbon is approximately 5 13/16 inches long and approximately 1 1/2 inches wide. The program is approximately 9 1/4 inches tall and 6 inches wide. Written on the front cover is "Forty-first annual reunion Confederate Veterans of Virginia - Thirty-third annual reunion Sons of Confederate Veterans - Official Program - Portsmouth, Virginia - June 19, 20, 21, 1928". Along with information on the reunion, there is also photos of Virginia Confederate veterans in the program.
Offered is a super badge worn by a veteran of the 7th Michigan Infantry at their annual reunion held in 1912 at Lapeer, Michigan. This neat badge has a metal hanger with "Lapeer, June 18, 1912" written in the middle on a celluloid strip. A blue ribbon is attached to the hanger. Written on the ribbon in a gold colored ink is "26th Annual Reunion of the 7th Mich. Infantry - Pres., Hohn G. McMillian - Vice-Pres., Jos. McDaniels - Sec.-Treas., Robert King". A large celluloid disk is attached to the ribbon. The base color of the disk is red and there are three photo likenesses of 7th Michigan Infantry members on the disk. The three veterans on the disk are A.T. Heacock, J.W. Holmes, and C.A. Brink. The badge was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of newark, New Jersey as noted in the back of the celluloid disk. The badge is approximately 5 1/2 inches tall and approximately 2 3/8 inches wide.
Of the three men with a photo likeness on the celluloid disk, C.A. Brink was wounded at Gettysburg, A.T. Heacock was promoted to captain, and J.W. Holmes was discharged early in the war.
7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment
The 7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment lost 11 officers and 197 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 officers and 186 enlisted men by disease. The regiment is honored by a monument at Gettysburg.
1861
August 22
Organized at Monroe, Mich. and mustered in under Colonel Ira Rufus Grosvenor
Moved to Harper’s Ferry, thence to Charleston and Berryville
March 24
To Harper’s Ferry, then to Washington, D.C
March 27
To the Virginia Peninsula
April to August
Peninsula Campaign
April 5-May 4
Siege of Yorktown
May 7-8
West Point
May 31-June 1
Battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines
June 25-July 1
Seven days before Richmond
June 29
Peach Orchard and Savage Station
June 30
White Oak Swamp and Glendale
Lieutenant Charles Hunt was wounded
July 1
Malvern Hill
July 7
Colonel Grosvenor resigned “due to the impoverished state of my health.”
July 14
Lieutenant Norman J. Hall, USA (USMA 1859), former Acting AAG on the staff of Brigadier General John G. Barnard, was commissioned colonel of the 7th Michigan.
July 2 – August 16
Duty at Harrison’s Landing
August 5
Action at Malvern Hill
August 15-28
Movement from Harrison’s Landing to Alexandria
August 28-31
To Fairfax Court House; Cover Pope’s retreat from Bull Run to Washington.
September 4
Captain Henry W. Nall was transferred to the 24th Michigan and appointed major.
The 7th Michigan was commanded by Colonel Norman Hall. Colonel Hall took over the brigade as senior colonel when General Dana was wounded and was himself wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Baxter was wounded by this time, and Captain Charles J. Hunt took over the regiment.
Dana’s Brigade, following Gorman’s in column of attack, passed through the East Woods, crossed the Cornfield and the Hagerstown Pike, about 50 yards in rear of Gorman, and entered the West Woods, where its advance was checked about 40 yards east of this point.
Its left flank having been attacked and turned, by McLaws’ and Walker’s Divisions, it was compelled to retire.
A portion of the Brigade, with the 1st Minnesota Infantry, occupied a line near the Nicodemus house which it held for a time until, its flank having been again turned, it retired to the woods and fields east of the Hagerstown Pike.
September 22
Moved to Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. and duty there
October 30- November 17
Advance up the Loudon Valley and movement to Falmouth, Va.
December 11-15
Battle of Fredericksburg
The 7th Michigan was the first regiment to cross the Rappahannock River in pontoon boats under the fire of Confederate sharpshooters. It then drove the Confederate skirmishers from their cover, allowing a pontoon bridge to be constructed. Lieutenant Colonel Baxter was wounded in the attack.
December 11
Forlorn hope to cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg
The 7th Michigan was commanded at Gettysburg by Lieutenant Colonel Amos Steele, Jr. while Colonel Hall commanded the brigade as senior colonel. Lieutenant Colonel Steele was killed on July 3rd, and Major Sylvanus W. Curtis took command. The 7th brought 165 men to the field, losing 21 killed and 44 wounded.
From the regimental monument near the Copse of Trees at Gettysburg:
Regiment held this position during the engagement of July 2nd and 3rd, 1863. On the evening of the 2nd changed front to the left, meeting and aiding in driving back the enemy. On the 3rd assisted in repulsing Pickett’s Charge, changing front to the right and assaulting the advancing force in flank.
Present for duty 14 officers 151 men. Total 165. Casualties, 2 officers 19 men killed; 3 officers 41 men wounded. Total 65.
July 5-24
Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va.
August 20- September 12
On detached duty at New York City during draft disturbances
Offered is a nice badge worn by veterans of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry at their 1909 reunion. The badge has a brass colored metal circular disk that holds a celluloid photo likeness of a lieutenant. A yellow and blue ribbon is attached to the pin on the back of the badge. Written around the lieutenant is "1861 - 65 - 2nd Mich. Cav. - 1909". The badge was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of Newark, New Jersey as noted by the manufacturer's label attached to the pin.
2nd Michigan Cavalry in the American Civil War
Regimental History
Second Michigan Cavalry. — Cols., Gordon Granger, Archibald P. Campbell; Lieut. -Cols., William C. Davies, Frederick Fowler, Benjamin Smith, Thomas W. Johnston; Majs., Robert H. G. Minty, Charles P. Babcock, Frank W. Dickey, John C. Godley, Leonidas S. Scranton, Marshall J. Dickinson, Harrison F. Nicholson, Charles N. Baker. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in Oct. 2, 1861. It left the state on Nov. 14, was stationed at Benton barracks, St. Louis, was engaged in skirmishes at Point Pleasant, Tipton and New Madrid, participated in the siege of Island No. 10, and then moved with Pope's army to Mississippi. It was in the engagements at Pine hill, Monterey and Farmington, and the siege of Corinth. Col. Granger was made brigadier-general and was succeeded by Philip H. Sheridan as colonel, but the latter was not mustered in as such. The regiment was in the engagements at Booneville, Blackland, and Baldwin, in June, 1862, and was in a spirited fight at Booneville July 1, where 7,000 of Chalmer's cavalry were repulsed by six companies, numbering less than 500 men. This was one of the greatest minor victories of the war. The 2nd Mich. and 2nd Ia. cavalry followed the enemy for 20 miles, capturing a large amount of arms and clothing. The regiment was engaged at Rienzi in August, when a largely superior force was defeated and dispersed and many prisoners were captured. Col. Sheridan was made a brigadier- general and Lieut. -Col. Campbell was appointed colonel. The regiment was engaged at the battle of Perryville, Ky., then at Harrodsburg, Lancaster and the Rockcastle river. In Dec, 1862, and Jan., 1863, it was in a raid in eastern Tennessee, being engaged at Blountville, Zollicoffer, Wartrace, Jonesville, Bacon creek and Glasgow. In March it was engaged at Milton, Cainsville, Spring Hill, Columbia, Hillsboro and Brentwood. The engagement at Columbia was against a much larger force, but two battalions of the 2nd Mich. cavalry by tremendous efforts, saved the wagon trains, which were in charge of the 18th Ohio cavalry. The regiment fought at McGarvick's ford in April, and during the summer was engaged at Triune, Rover, Middletown, Shelbyville, Elk river ford, and Decherd. It participated at Chickamauga, holding an important point against an enemy, and in October was engaged in the pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry, being in action at Anderson's cross-roads. It fought at Sparta, Dandridge and Mossy creek, in December, and at Dandridge and Pigeon river in Jan., 1864. While at Cleveland, Tenn., 326 reenlisted as veterans and took a furlough, rejoining the regiment in July. On the Atlanta campaign the regiment fought at Dug gap, Red Clay, the Etowah river and Acworth, and joined Gen. Thomas' army in Tennessee. It met and defeated the enemy at Campbellville and Franklin in September; was engaged at Cypress river in October, where a force four times that of the Union army was defeated; participated at Raccoon ford, and during November was engaged at Shoal creek, Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Columbia, Spring Hill and the battle of Franklin. During December it was engaged at Nashville, Richland creek, Pulaski and Sugar creek, and in 1865 fought at Corinth, Tuscaloosa, Trion, Bridgeville and Talladega. It was in camp at Macon from May 1 until July 17, detachments being sent to garrison Perry, Thomaston, Barnesville, Forsyth and Milledgeville. The regiment was mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Its original strength was 1,163; gain 1,262; total, 2,425. Loss by death, 338.
1 New Jersey Brigade Crampton Pass 50th Anniversary Badge
Item #: 15644
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A great badge worn by a veteran of the First New Jersey Brigade at the 50th anniversary of the battle of Crampton Pass in 1912. The badge has a heavy metal backing with an insert which says "VETERAN". A blue, beige, and blue ribbon is attached to the hanger. Written on the ribbon is "50th Anniversary Battle of Crampton Pass - 31st Reunion of Kearny's First New Jersey Brigade Society - Camden, N.J. - Sept. 14, 1912". The likeness of a Sixth Corp badge is in the center of the ribbon. The badge was made by the Sommer Badge Manufacturing Company of Newark, New Jersey as noted on the makers label attached to the back of the ribbon. There is a small piece of museum quality acid free tapeon the upper part of the back ribbon. The badge is approximately 6 1/8 inches tall and 2 3/8 inches wide.
First New Jersey Brigade
Through the course of the Civil War, the brigade was composed entirely of units from New Jersey, the only Union brigade during the war to be constituted as such. Its origins were on May 4, 1861, when New Jersey was directed by the Federal government to fill a quota of three infantry regiments to serve a three-year term of enlistment. Recruitment took place for the new regiments all over the state, and on May 21, 1861, the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was mustered into the Union Army at Camp Olden in Trenton, New Jersey, under Maj. Theodore T. S. Laidley of the United States Regular Army. The 1st New Jersey was then followed into Federal service by the 2nd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry (May 28, 1861) and the 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry.
On June 28, 1861, the three newly created three-year regiments began the journey to Virginia, where in June they were joined with a brigade of three-month enlistment New Jersey Militia regiments to form a division commanded by Brig. Gen.Theodore Runyon. This was the first time the New Jersey regiments officially formed the brigade. During the First Bull Run Campaign, most of the brigade saw service in the field guarding train hubs, supply depots and roadways, being considered too "green" to be reliable in combat. However, a few companies of the 1st and 2nd New Jersey Infantries were directed to help stem the retreat at Centreville, Virginia, after the Confederates routed General Irvin McDowell's forces at Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861. They were unsuccessful, and many officers and men retreated in the rout as well.
In August 1861, the 4th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was recruited and added to the First New Jersey Brigade after its muster into service. From that point on, the four regiments and their later remnants would serve together until the end of the war and their final discharge.
Later service
As the war progressed, more regiments were added to the brigade, but in keeping with its tradition, they were New Jersey units. In September 1862, the nine-month enlistment unit 23rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry and the three-year 15th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry were added, with the 23rd New Jersey serving until June 1863 and the 15th New Jersey serving until the end of the war. On April 19, 1864, the 10th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry "Olden's Legion" was added. In March 1865 the 40th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry—the last raised by the state—was brigaded with the original units.
First New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 3, 1864 153 killed or died of wounds and 99 died of disease or accidents
Second New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–May 21, 1864 96 killed or died of wounds and 69 died of disease or accidents
Third New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 3, 1864 157 killed or died of wounds and 81 died of disease or accidents
Fourth New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 22, 1865 161 killed or died of wounds and 105 died of disease or accidents
Tenth New Jersey Infantry "Olden Legion" Service in brigade: April 19, 1864–June 22, 1865 93 killed or died of wounds and 190 Died of disease or accidents
Fifteenth New Jersey Infantry "Fighting Fifteenth" Service in brigade: September 30, 1862–June 22, 1865 240 killed or died of wounds and 132 died of disease or accidents.
Twenty-Third New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: October 8, 1862–June 27, 1863 35 killed or died of wounds and 55 died of disease or accidents
Fortieth New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: February 2, 1865–July 13, 1865 2 killed or died of wounds and 17 died of disease or accidents
Commanders
The brigade's first commander was Brig. Gen. Philip Kearny, whose training and discipline molded the regiments into an effective fighting unit. He was succeeded by George W. Taylor, who was Colonel of the 3rd New Jersey. Taylor was promoted to brigadier general soon after assuming command of the brigade. After his mortal wounding at the Second Battle of Bull Run, the leadership of the brigade went to Alfred Thomas Torbert, who was serving as Colonel of the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. Subsequent commanders were Col. Henry Brown (3rd New Jersey), Col. William H. Penrose (15th New Jersey), and Capt. Baldwin Hufty (4th New Jersey).
Medal of Honor recipients
Six soldiers from the First New Jersey Brigade received the Medal of Honor for bravery:
1st Lieutenant William Brant, Jr. - 1st New Jersey Veterans Battalion
Private Frank E. Fesq - 40th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry
The Battle of Crampton Pass
In the aftermath of his great victory at Second Bull Run, Robert E. Lee was determined to launch an invasion of the North. He hoped that a similar victory on northern soil would weaken the North’s resolve, and possibly encourage Maryland to rise and join the Confederacy. Lee convinced Jefferson Davies to approve his plan, and at the start of September Lee’s victorious army crossed the Potomac.
Once in the north, Lee became concerned about the 13,000 strong Federal garrison of Harper’s Ferry. He decided that he could not risk leaving that garrison in his rear. To capture it he took the decision to split his army. Two thirds of the army, under Stonewall Jackson, was sent to capture Harper’s Ferry, while he remained further north with the rest of the army. Lee was taking a massive risk. He assumed that the Federal army defeated at Bull Run would take weeks to be recover, especially with George McClellan restored to command. He had repeated demonstrated a slow, cautious attitude during the Peninsula Campaign, and Lee expected more of the same.
He was wrong. McClellan had taken over a beaten army, but not a demoralised or unorganised one. McClellan soon had an army 70,000 strong on the move towards Lee. He also had a stroke of luck when a copy of Lee’s order for the move against Harper’s Ferry was discovered on 13 September. McClellan received this piece of luck at Frederick, less than twenty miles from Harper’s Ferry, where the garrison was still holding out.
Even with this information in hand, McClellan still did not move quickly. He was nearly always convinced that whatever army he commanded was badly outnumbered – here he was convinced that Lee had at least 100,000 men, twice the real number. Accordingly, he did nothing on 13 September other than issue orders for a movement on the following day.
The main barrier that faced McClellan was South Mountain. This mountain runs north from the Potomac, reaching the river just east of Harper’s Ferry. McClellan’s men would have to force their way through Confederate held passes before they could engage Lee or go to the relief of Harper’s Ferry. Worse for the garrison of Harper’s Ferry, McClellan decided to make his main attack at Turner’s and Fox’s Gaps (Battle of South Mountain). Success here would bring McClellan up against Lee’s smaller section of the Confederate army.
A smaller force, 12,000 men under Major-General William B. Franklin, was sent to Crampton’s Gap, further south. This force might not have been big enough to defeat Jackson’s entire force around Harper’s Ferry, but it was easily big enough to deal with that part of Jackson’s force that had remained north of the Potomac, which was no more than 8,000 strong, and thus to rescue the garrison. However, Crampton’s Gap was also defended. First, Franklin would need to fight his way through the pass.
This should not have been a problem. He was opposed by three brigades from the force that had been sent against Harper’s Ferry, a total of 2,200 men. Even by his own account, Reynolds was able to get 6,500 men into action at Crampton’s Gap. Despite this numerical advantage it took Reynolds most of 14 September to fight his way through the pass. He suffered 533 casualties during the battle (113 dead, 418 wounded and 2 missing), and probably inflicted twice that many (he captured 400 prisoners). However, the victory came too late in the day to achieve its aim. The next morning, when Reynolds made a tentative move towards Harper’s Ferry, he decided that he was too weak to attack the Confederate forces north of the river. In any case it was by then too late. Harper’s Ferry surrendered early on the morning of 15 September.
A nice badge worn at the 1930 United Confederate Veterans/Sons of Confederate Veterans Reunion held in Biloxi, Mississippi. The hanger is a bronze type material. It is in the shape of the Gulf Counties of Mississippi. Written on the hanger is "Hancock - Harrison -Jackson, Mississippi - The Magnolia State". A red and white ribbon is attached to the hanger. The bottom drop which is attached to the ribbon is in a round shape. The drop has a sailing boat image in the middle of the drop. Written around the ship is "40th Annual Confederate Reunion, Biloxi, Miss - S.C.V. - June 3-4-5-6, 1930".The badge is made by the Greenduck Company, Chicago as noted on the bottom of the drop.The badge is approximately 4 inches long and 2 inches wide.
Major General John F. Reynolds Gettysburg Monument Pin Back
Item #: RX31006
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A great pin back with the Gettysburg monument of Major General John F. Reynolds in the middle. Around the monument is written "Gen. John F. Reynolds - Lancaster, PA.". The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. The pin back was made by the Sommer badge Manufacturing Company, Newark, New Jersey.
Reynolds was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one of nine surviving children of John Reynolds (1787–1853) and Lydia Moore Reynolds (1794–1843). Two of his brothers were James LeFevre Reynolds, Quartermaster General of Pennsylvania, and Rear AdmiralWill Reynolds.[2] Prior to his military training, Reynolds studied in nearby Lititz, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from his home in Lancaster. Next he attended a school in Long Green, Maryland, and finally the Lancaster County Academy.[3]
On his return from Mexico, Reynolds was assigned to Fort Preble, Maine, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Fort Lafayette, New York. He was next sent west to Fort Orford, Oregon, in 1855, and participated in the Rogue River Wars of 1856 and the Utah War with the Mormons in 1857-58. He was the Commandant of Cadets at West Point from September 1860 to June 1861, while also serving as an instructor of artillery, cavalry, and infantry tactics. During his return from the West, Reynolds became engaged to Katherine May Hewitt. Since they were from different religious denominations—Reynolds was a Protestant, Hewitt a Catholic—the engagement was kept a secret and Hewitt's parents did not learn about it until after Reynolds' death.[5]
The Confederate attack continued on June 27 and Reynolds, exhausted from the Battle of Gaines' Mill and two days without sleep, was captured in Boatswain's Swamp, Virginia. Thinking he was in a place of relative safety, he fell asleep and was not aware that his retreating troops left him behind. He was extremely embarrassed when brought before the Confederate general of the capturing troops; D.H. Hill was an Army friend and colleague from before the war. Hill allegedly told him, "Reynolds, do not feel so bad about your capture, it is the fate of wars."[8] Reynolds was transported to Richmond and held at Libby Prison, but was quickly exchanged on August 15 (for Lloyd Tilghman).[9]
Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville
Upon his return, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Reserves Division, whose commander, McCall, had been captured just two days after Reynolds. The V Corps joined the Army of Virginia, under Maj. Gen. John Pope, at Manassas. On the second day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, while most of the Union Army was retreating, Reynolds led his men in a last-ditch stand on Henry House Hill, site of the great Union debacle at First Bull Run the previous year. Waving the flag of the 2nd Reserves regiment, he yelled, "Now boys, give them the steel, charge bayonets, double quick!" His counterattack halted the Confederate advance long enough to give the Union Army time to retreat in a more orderly fashion, arguably the most important factor in preventing its complete destruction.[10]
At the request of Pennsylvania GovernorAndrew G. Curtin, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Militia during General Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland. Generals McClellan and Joseph Hooker complained that "a scared governor ought not to be permitted to destroy the usefulness of an entire division," but the governor prevailed and Reynolds spent two weeks in Pennsylvania drilling old men and boys, missing the Battle of Antietam. However, he returned to the Army of the Potomac in late 1862 and assumed command of the I Corps. One of his divisions, commanded by Brig. Gen. George G. Meade, made the only breakthrough at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but Reynolds did not reinforce Meade with his other two divisions and the attack failed; Reynolds did not receive a clear understanding from Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin about his role in the attack.[10] After the battle, Reynolds was promoted to major general of volunteers, with a date of rank of November 29, 1862.[11]
At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Reynolds clashed with Maj. Gen. Hooker, his predecessor at I Corps, but by this time the commander of the Army of the Potomac. Hooker originally placed the I Corps on the extreme left of the Union line, southeast of Fredericksburg, hoping to threaten and distract the Confederate right. On May 2, Hooker changed his mind and ordered the corps to conduct a daylight march nearly 20 miles to swing around and become the extreme right flank of the army, to the northwest of the XI Corps. The march was delayed by faulty communications and by the need to move stealthily to avoid Confederate contact. Thus, the I Corps was not yet in position when the XI Corps was surprised and overrun by Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack, a setback that destroyed Hooker's nerve for offensive action. Hooker called a council of war on May 4 in which Reynolds voted to proceed with the battle, but although the vote was three to two for offensive action, Hooker decided to retreat. Reynolds, who had gone to sleep after giving his proxy vote to Meade, woke up and muttered loud enough for Hooker to hear, "What was the use of calling us together at this time of night when he intended to retreat anyhow?" The 17,000-man I Corps was not engaged at Chancellorsville and suffered only 300 casualties during the entire campaign.[12]
Reynolds joined several of his fellow officers in urging that Hooker be replaced, in the same way he had spoken out against Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside after Fredericksburg. On the previous occasion, Reynolds wrote in a private letter, "If we do not get some one soon who can command an army without consulting 'Stanton and Halleck' at Washington, I do not know what will become of this Army." PresidentAbraham Lincoln met with Reynolds in a private interview on June 2 and is believed to have asked him whether he would consider being the next commander of the Army of the Potomac. Reynolds supposedly replied that he would be willing to accept only if he were given a free hand and could be isolated from the political influences that had affected the Army commanders throughout the war. Unable to comply with his demands, Lincoln promoted the more junior George G. Meade to replace Hooker on June 28.[13]
Gettysburg
"The Fall of Reynolds" – drawing of Reynolds' death at Gettysburg
On the morning of July 1, 1863, Reynolds was commanding the "left wing" of the Army of the Potomac, with operational control over the I, III, and XI Corps, and Brig. Gen. John Buford's cavalry division. Buford occupied the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and set up light defensive lines north and west of the town. He resisted the approach of two Confederate infantry brigades on the Chambersburg Pike until the nearest Union infantry, Reynolds' I Corps, began to arrive. Reynolds rode out ahead of the 1st Division, met with Buford, and then accompanied some of his soldiers, probably from Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler's brigade, into the fighting at Herbst's Woods. Troops began arriving from Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith's Iron Brigade, and as Reynolds was supervising the placement of the 2nd Wisconsin, he yelled at them, "Forward men! For God's sake forward!" At that moment he fell from his horse with a wound in the back of the upper neck, or lower head,[14] and died almost instantly. Command passed to his senior division commander, Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday.
For the Union side, the death of John Reynolds meant more than the loss of an inspiring leader; it also removed from the equation the one person with enough vision and sense of purpose to manage this battle.
Noah Andre Trudeau, Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage[15]
The loss of General Reynolds was keenly felt by the army. He was loved by his men and respected by his peers. There are no recorded instances of negative comments made by his contemporaries.[16] Historian Shelby Foote wrote that many considered him "not only the highest ranking [sic] but also the best general in the army."[17] His death had a more immediate effect that day, however. By ratifying Buford's defensive plan and engaging his I Corps infantry, Reynolds essentially selected the location for the Battle of Gettysburg for Meade, turning a chance meeting engagement into a massive pitched battle, committing the Army of the Potomac to fight on that ground with forces that were initially numerically inferior to the Confederates that were concentrating there. In the command confusion that followed Reynolds' death, the two Union corps that reached the field were overwhelmed and forced to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg to the high ground south of town, where they were rallied by his old friend, Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock.[18]
Possible location of General Reynolds' death
Reynolds' body was immediately transported from Gettysburg to Taneytown, Maryland, and then to his birthplace, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was buried on July 4, 1863.[6] Befitting his importance to the Union and his native state, he is memorialized by three statues in Gettysburg National Military Park (an equestrian statue on McPherson Ridge, one by John Quincy Adams Ward in the National Cemetery, and one on the Pennsylvania Memorial),[19] as well as one in front of the Philadelphia City Hall.[20]
Kate Hewitt had agreed with Reynolds that if he were killed in the war and they could not marry, she would join a convent. After he was buried, she traveled to Emmitsburg, Maryland, and joined the St. Joseph Central House of the Order of the Daughters of Charity.[21]
Death controversies
Historians disagree on the details of Reynolds' death, including the specific time (either 10:15 a.m. or 10:40–10:50 a.m.), the exact location (on East McPherson Ridge, near the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, or West McPherson Ridge, near the 19th Indiana), and the source of the bullet (a Confederate infantryman, a Confederate sharpshooter, or friendly fire). One primary source was Sergeant Charles Henry Veil, his orderly and unit Color Guard, who described the events in a letter in 1864 and then contradicted some of the details in another letter 45 years later. A letter from Reynolds' sister, Jennie, stated that the wound had a downward trajectory from the neck, implying that he was shot from above, presumably a sharpshooter in a tree or barn. Historians Bruce Catton and Glenn Tucker make firm assertions that a sharpshooter was responsible; Stephen Sears credits volley fire from the 7th Tennessee against the 2nd Wisconsin; Edwin Coddington cites the sister's letter and finds the sharpshooter theory to be partly credible, but leans towards Sears' conclusion; Harry W. Pfanz agrees that the location was behind the 2nd Wisconsin, but makes no judgment about the source of the fire. Steve Sanders, writing in Gettysburg magazine, suggested the possibility of friendly fire based on some accounts, and concludes that it is as equally likely as enemy fire.[22]
1901 First Defender Monument Dedication Reading, Pennsylvania Pin Back
Item #: 15794
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A super pin back commerating the 1901 First Defenders Monument Dedication on July 4, 1901 at Reading, Pennsylvania. The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. The monument is in the middle of the pin back. A U.S. flag is on the right side and a Union officer is on the left side. Written around the edge of the pin back is "Dedication First Defenders Monument - July 4, 1901". The pin back was made by the Keystone Badge Company of Reading, Pennsylvania. as noted on the back of the pin back.
A nice pin ack worn by a member of the Civil War Musicians National Association. The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. A drum with crossed sticks is in the middle of the pin back. The pin back was made by the M.C. lilley Company of Columbus, Ohio as noted on the back of the pin back.
A wonderful, large pin back from the 1902 Wichita, Kansas Blue - Gray reunion held on September 22 - 27, 1902. This great pin back has an armed Confederate soldier shaking hands with an armed Union soldier. The U.S. flag is in the back ground. Written around the edge of the pin back is "19th Annual State Reunion - Wichita, Kan. Sept. 22d - 27th, 1902". Also on the edge of the pin back are sun flowers. The pin back is approximately 1 3/4 inches wide. The pin back was made by the Baltimore Badge & Novelty COmpany, Baltimore, Maryland. The pin back is very clean and nice.
A nice pin back with a photograph of Colonel Josiah Pickett of the 25th Massachusetts Infantry on it. The pin back is approximately 1 1/2 inches wide and is in good condition.
From the "Springfield Republican," page 5, 15 January 1908: Gen. Josiah Pickett Dead. Was Colonel of 25th Massachusetts and Under Military Arrest for Most of His Life. --- Gen. Josiah Pickett, one of the most prominent officers commanding a regiment during the civil war, colonel of the 25th Massachusetts regiment, and one of Worcester's most prominent citizens, died at 9 o'clock yesterday morning at his home in Worcester of a general breaking down of his constitution. During the war Gen. Pickett was placed under military arrest and this was never removed. The adjutant whose duty it would have been to record the arrest was killed in the conflict, and because of the heroism displayed by Worcester's soldier the charges against him were entirely forgotten. He was always rather proud of this distinction and refused to allow any movement to formally release him from the arrest ordered by Gen. Stannard but never carried into effect.
The announcement of Gen. Pickett's death was received with sincere regret by a host of people extending far beyond the ranks of the old Soldiers. The flags on the Worcester city hall and on the copmmon were lowered to half-mast because of his record as a public official, and the flag on the Grand Army hall was also half-masted. Arrangements for the funeral have not been completed, but the hour is fixed.... Burial will be in Rural cemetery.
Josiah Pickett was born in Beverly, November 22, 1822, the son of Josiah and Mary (Cressey) Pickett, and was the sixth decendant of Nicholas Pickett, who landed in Marblehead in 1647. He was married in Lowell in December, 1847, to Miss Elizabeth Burnham, who lived until two years ago. He went to Worcester in 1855, and since that time his history had been a part of the history of the city.
When there a short time he joined thw Worcester city guards, then commanded by Capt.(later Col.) George H. Ward, for whom the Worcester Grand Army post is named.
A nice badge worn by a member of the 75th New York Infantry at their 1924 reunion held in Auburn, New York. The hanger is a metal ring which holds a pinback. On the pinback is an eagle, Liberty Bell, Revolutionary War soldiers, and the Declaration of Independence. Attached to the hanger is a blue ribbon. Written on the ribbon is "44th Annual Reunion 75th N.Y. Volunteers - June 27th, 1924 - Auburn, N.Y.". The badge is approximately 6 7/8 inches long by 2 inches wide.
75th Infantry Regiment Civil War Auburn Regiment; Cayuga County Regiment
History
Mustered in: November 26, 1861 Mustered out: August 23, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. This regiment, Col. John A. Dodge, was organized at Auburn, received its numerical designation November 14, 1861; and was mustered in the service of the United States (nine companies), at Auburn, for three years, November 26, 1861. The men were recruited principally in the counties of Cayuga and Seneca. Company K joined the regiment June 24, 1862, having left the State June 13, 1862. In April, 1864, a new Company K was again organized to take the place of the one consolidated with the other companies April 10, 1864. The men entitled to be discharged at the expiration of the term of service were, November 19, 1864, ordered to Auburn, and there honorably discharged December 7, 1864; the regiment was continued in service, but consolidated, November 19, 1864, into a battalion of five companies, A, B, C, D and E; the men of Company H being transferred to Company A; those of I to Company B; of K to Company C; of G to Company D; and those of F to Company E. In April, 1865, the 31st Independent Company of Infantry joined the battalion as its Company F. | The regiment (nine companies) left the State December 6, 1861; served at Santa Rosa Island and Fort Pickens, Fla., from December, 1861; at Pensacola, Fla., from May, 1862; at New Orleans, La., Department of the Gulf, from September, 1862; in Weitzel's Reserve Brigade, Department of the Gulf, from October, 1862; in 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from January, 1863; in Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from August, 1863; in 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from September, 1863; was mounted and joined the 3d Cavalry Brigade in October, 1863; on veteran furlough in January and February, 1864, the non-veterans, about 90 men, serving with Companies K and L, I4th Cavalry, and rejoining the regiment June 28, 1864; the veteran regiment left for Washington, D. C., 22d Corps, as infantry, April 2, 1864; for Department of the Gulf, May 20, 1864; served in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 19th Corps, from June 4, 1864; with the Army of the James, from 21st to 31st of July, 1864; in the Shenandoah valley from August, 1864; left for Savannah, Ga., January II, 1865; served in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Corps, from February, 1865; in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Georgia, from March, 1865; and it was honorably discharged and mustered out, under Col. Robert P. York, August 31, 1865, at Savannah, Ga. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 3 officers, 50 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 42 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 109 enlisted men; total, 4 officers, 201 enlisted men; aggregate, 205; of whom 10 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy; and it, or portions of it.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Cols., John A. Dodge, Robert B. Mer-ritt, Robert P. York; Lieut.-Cols., Robert P. York, William M. Hosmer, Robert B. Merritt, Willoughby Babcock; Majs. Willoughby Babcock, Lewis E. Carpenter, Benjamin F. Thurber, William M. Hosmer, Charles H. Cox. The 75th, known as the Auburn regiment, was composed mainly of members from Cayuga and Seneca counties, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Auburn, for a three years' term, Nov. 26, 1861. It embarked for the south on Dec. 6; was stationed at Santa Rosa island and Fort Pickens, Fla., during its first winter in the service, and formed part of the garrison of Pensacola during the summer of 1862. While here Co. K joined the regiment, which was ordered to New Orleans in September. It was assigned to Weitzel's reserve brigade, which had a brisk fight at Georgia landing. Upon the organization of the 19th corps in Jan., 1863, the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division and moved to Bayou Teche, La. It lost 17 in an engagement at Fort Bisland in April, and in the assaults on Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14 it lost 107 in killed, wounded and miss-.ing, the 1st division bearing the brunt of the fight. After the surrender of Port Hudson, July 9, the troops performed garrison duty. From August to September, the regiment served with the reserve brigade of the 1st division; in September it was assigned to the 3d brigade of the same division; in October it was mounted and attached to the 3d cavalry brigade, and during the winter a sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 75th as a veteran regiment. While the reenlisted men were on furlough, the remainder of the regiment served with the 14th N. Y. cavalry and rejoined the regiment June 28, 1864. At Sabine Pass, the regiment lost 85 killed, wounded or missing and during Nov., 1863, it was stationed near New Iberia and Camp Lewis, La. In March, 1864, the command entered upon the Red River campaign and in July it was ordered to New Orleans. After the regiment was reunited, in June, 1864, it served until the middle of July with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, and then embarked for Virginia, where it became a part of the Army of the James and joined in the pursuit of Gen. Early in the Shenandoah Valley. It was engaged at Halltown, the Opequan, where the loss was 73 killed, wounded and missing, at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where it also suffered severely. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Auburn, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered early in Jan., 1865, to Savannah, Ga., and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps. The regiment served at Savannah until August, and in April, received the veterans and recruits of the 31st independent company N. Y. infantry. It was mustered out at Savannah, Aug. 3, 1865, having lost 106 by death from wounds, and 109 from other causes.
A super badge worn by a member of the 75th New York Infantry at their 1926 reunion held at Auburn, New York. The badge has a "T bar" attached to a red, white, and blue ribbon. Written on the ribbon is gold colored ink is "46th Annual Reunion 75th N.Y. Volunteers - June 29th 1926 - Auburn, N.Y. - Our Liberty Bell". A celluloid disk is attached to the ribbon. The Liberty bell is on the disk. The badge was made by the Bastian Bros. Company, Rochester, New York.
75th Infantry Regiment Civil War Auburn Regiment; Cayuga County Regiment
History
Mustered in: November 26, 1861 Mustered out: August 23, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. This regiment, Col. John A. Dodge, was organized at Auburn, received its numerical designation November 14, 1861; and was mustered in the service of the United States (nine companies), at Auburn, for three years, November 26, 1861. The men were recruited principally in the counties of Cayuga and Seneca. Company K joined the regiment June 24, 1862, having left the State June 13, 1862. In April, 1864, a new Company K was again organized to take the place of the one consolidated with the other companies April 10, 1864. The men entitled to be discharged at the expiration of the term of service were, November 19, 1864, ordered to Auburn, and there honorably discharged December 7, 1864; the regiment was continued in service, but consolidated, November 19, 1864, into a battalion of five companies, A, B, C, D and E; the men of Company H being transferred to Company A; those of I to Company B; of K to Company C; of G to Company D; and those of F to Company E. In April, 1865, the 31st Independent Company of Infantry joined the battalion as its Company F. | The regiment (nine companies) left the State December 6, 1861; served at Santa Rosa Island and Fort Pickens, Fla., from December, 1861; at Pensacola, Fla., from May, 1862; at New Orleans, La., Department of the Gulf, from September, 1862; in Weitzel's Reserve Brigade, Department of the Gulf, from October, 1862; in 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from January, 1863; in Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from August, 1863; in 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from September, 1863; was mounted and joined the 3d Cavalry Brigade in October, 1863; on veteran furlough in January and February, 1864, the non-veterans, about 90 men, serving with Companies K and L, I4th Cavalry, and rejoining the regiment June 28, 1864; the veteran regiment left for Washington, D. C., 22d Corps, as infantry, April 2, 1864; for Department of the Gulf, May 20, 1864; served in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 19th Corps, from June 4, 1864; with the Army of the James, from 21st to 31st of July, 1864; in the Shenandoah valley from August, 1864; left for Savannah, Ga., January II, 1865; served in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Corps, from February, 1865; in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Georgia, from March, 1865; and it was honorably discharged and mustered out, under Col. Robert P. York, August 31, 1865, at Savannah, Ga. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 3 officers, 50 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 42 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 109 enlisted men; total, 4 officers, 201 enlisted men; aggregate, 205; of whom 10 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy; and it, or portions of it.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Cols., John A. Dodge, Robert B. Mer-ritt, Robert P. York; Lieut.-Cols., Robert P. York, William M. Hosmer, Robert B. Merritt, Willoughby Babcock; Majs. Willoughby Babcock, Lewis E. Carpenter, Benjamin F. Thurber, William M. Hosmer, Charles H. Cox. The 75th, known as the Auburn regiment, was composed mainly of members from Cayuga and Seneca counties, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Auburn, for a three years' term, Nov. 26, 1861. It embarked for the south on Dec. 6; was stationed at Santa Rosa island and Fort Pickens, Fla., during its first winter in the service, and formed part of the garrison of Pensacola during the summer of 1862. While here Co. K joined the regiment, which was ordered to New Orleans in September. It was assigned to Weitzel's reserve brigade, which had a brisk fight at Georgia landing. Upon the organization of the 19th corps in Jan., 1863, the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division and moved to Bayou Teche, La. It lost 17 in an engagement at Fort Bisland in April, and in the assaults on Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14 it lost 107 in killed, wounded and miss-.ing, the 1st division bearing the brunt of the fight. After the surrender of Port Hudson, July 9, the troops performed garrison duty. From August to September, the regiment served with the reserve brigade of the 1st division; in September it was assigned to the 3d brigade of the same division; in October it was mounted and attached to the 3d cavalry brigade, and during the winter a sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 75th as a veteran regiment. While the reenlisted men were on furlough, the remainder of the regiment served with the 14th N. Y. cavalry and rejoined the regiment June 28, 1864. At Sabine Pass, the regiment lost 85 killed, wounded or missing and during Nov., 1863, it was stationed near New Iberia and Camp Lewis, La. In March, 1864, the command entered upon the Red River campaign and in July it was ordered to New Orleans. After the regiment was reunited, in June, 1864, it served until the middle of July with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, and then embarked for Virginia, where it became a part of the Army of the James and joined in the pursuit of Gen. Early in the Shenandoah Valley. It was engaged at Halltown, the Opequan, where the loss was 73 killed, wounded and missing, at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where it also suffered severely. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Auburn, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered early in Jan., 1865, to Savannah, Ga., and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps. The regiment served at Savannah until August, and in April, received the veterans and recruits of the 31st independent company N. Y. infantry. It was mustered out at Savannah, Aug. 3, 1865, having lost 106 by death from wounds, and 109 from other causes.
SOLD!!! A neat pinback worn by veterans of the 94th new York Infantry at their 1901 reunion held in Watertown, New York. The pinback is a white color with "94th N.Y. V. Vols. Reunion - Watertown, N.Y. - March 14, 1901". The pinback was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company, Newark, New Jersey. The pinback is approximately 7/8 inches wide.
94th Infantry Regiment Civil War Bell Rifles; Bell Jefferson Rifles; Sackett's Harbor Regiment
History
Mustered in: March 10, 1862 Mustered out: July 18, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. W. B. Camp received authority in October, 1861, as Colonel, to recruit a regiment of infantry. He was succeeded, November 4, 1861, by Gen. John J. Viele. This regiment was organized at Sackett's Harbor January 6, 1862, and there mustered in the service of the United States for three years, March 10, 1862, with Henry K. Viele as Colonel. March17, 1863, the regiment was consolidated into five companies, A, B, C, D and E, and received the 105th Infantry as its Companies F, G, H, I and K. August 10, 1864, about 100 men of the 97th Infantry were transferred to it. At the expiration of its term of enlistment the men entitled thereto were discharged, and the regiment retained in service. The companies were recruited in Jefferson county, and the regiment left the State March 18, 1862; it served in General Wadsworth's command, Military District of Washington, from March, 1862; in 1st Brigade, 2d Division, Department of Rappahannock, from May, 1862; in same brigade and division, 3d Corps, Army of Virginia, from June 26, 1862; in same brigade and division, 1st Corps, Army of the Potomac, from September 12, 1862; in 1st Brigade, same division and corps, from December, 1862; as Provost Guard, Army of the Potomac, from May, 1863; in 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 1st Corps, Army of the Potomac, again from June, 1863; in the District of Annapolis, Md., 8th Corps, from December, 1863; in the 3d Brigade, 4th Division, 5th Corps, Army of the Potomac, from May 26, 1864; in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 5th Corps, from May 30, 1864; in the 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps, from June, 1864; in the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps, from June 11, 1864; in the 3d Brigade, same division and corps, from November, 1864; and it was honorably discharged and mustered out, commanded by Col. Adrian R. Root, July 18, 1865, near Washington, D. C. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 3 officers, 72 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 39 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, I officer, 138 enlisted men; total, 5 officers, 249 enlisted men; aggregate, 254; of whom 37 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. Ninety-fourth Infantry.—Cols., Henry K. Viele, Adrian R. Root; Lieut.-Cols., Colvin Littlefield, John A. Kress, Samuel Moffatt; Majs., William R. Hanford, John A. Kress, D. C. Tomlinson, Sam-uel S. Moffatt, John A. McMahon, Henry P. Fish, Byron Parsons. The 94th, the "Bell Rifles." recruited in Jefferson county, was mustered into the U. S. service at Sacket's Harbor, March 10, 1862, and left the state for Washington on the 18th. It served in the defenses of Washington under Gen. Wadsworth, was assigned to the 1st brigade, 2nd division, Department of the Rappahannock in May, and to the 3d corps, Army of Virginia, June 26, with which it participated in Gen. Pope's Virginia campaign, losing 147 in killed, wounded and missing. On Sept. 12, with the same brigade, and division, the regiment was attached to the 1st corps, was active at South mountain and Antietam, and in December at Fredericksburg. The winter was passed in camp near Falmouth and in March, 1863; the regiment was consolidated into a battalion of five companies, to which were added five companies of the l05th N. Y. infantry. The regiment served for a month as provost guard and in June, 1863, returned to the 1st corps with its old brigade and division, and suffered the heaviest loss of its service at Gettysburg-245 killed, wounded or missing. It shared in the Mine Run fiasco and in December was ordered to Annapolis, where it became a part of the 8th corps. During the winter a large number of its members reenlisted and the regiment continued in service as a veteran organization. In the Wilderness campaign it served with the 5th corps, being engaged at Cold Harbor, Totopotomy and White Oak swamp. It moved with the Army of the Potomac to Petersburg and was closely engaged at the Weldon railroad, losing 178 killed, wounded or missing. On Aug. 10, 1864, the regiment was joined by the veterans and recruits of the 97th N. Y. infantry and remained on duty before Petersburg until the end of the siege, after which it was active at Five Forks, and was present at Lee's surrender. The 94th was mustered out at Washington, July 18; 1865, having lost 116 by death from wounds and 138 from other causes, of whom 37 died in imprisonment. Maj. Fish was killed in action at Five Forks.
A nice celluloid pin back worn by veterans of the 147th New York Volunteer Infantry at reunions and parades. The celluloid is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. The pin back is red in color with "147th N.Y. Vols." written on the it. The pin back was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of newark, New Jersey.
147th Infantry Regiment
Civil War Oswego Regiment
History
Mustered in: September 22, 1862 Mustered out: June 7, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. Colonel Andrew S. Warner received authority, August 25, 1862, to recruit a regiment in the then 21st Senatorial District of the State; it was organized at Oswego, and there mustered in the service of the United States for three years September 22 and 23, 1862. January 25, 1865, it received by transfer the veterans and recruits of the 76th Infantry not mustered out with their regiment. June 5, 1865, the men not to be mustered out with the regiment were transferred to the 91st Infantry. The companies were recruited principally: A, B and I at Oswego; C at Richland, Albion and Williamstown; D at Fulton, Granby and Volney; E at Sandy Creek, Redfield, Boyleston and Orwell; F at Mexico, Palermo and New Haven; G at Oswego and Scriba; H at Constantia, Parish, Amboy and West Monroe, and K at Oswego, Scriba and Fulton. The regiment left the State September 25, 1862; it served in the 2d Brigade, defenses of Washington, north of the Potomac, from September, 1862; in the Provisional Brigade, Provost Guard, Army of the Potomac, from December, 1862; in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Corps, from January, 1863; in the 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 1st Corps, from March, 1863; in the 2d Brigade, 4th Division, 5th Corps, from March, 1864; in the 3d Brigade, 2d Division, 5th Corps, from August, 1864; in the 3d Brigade, 3d Division, 5th Corps, from September, 1864; and, under Col. Francis C. Miller, it was honorably discharged and mustered out June 7, 1865, near Washington, D. C. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 5 officers, 107 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 4 officers, 52 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 2 officers, 177 enlisted men; total, 11 officers, 336 enlisted men; aggregate, 347; of whom 71 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. One Hundred and Forty-seventh infantry.—Cols., Andrew S. Warner, John G. Butler, Francis C. Miller; Lieut.-Cols., John G. Butler, Francis C. Miller, George Harney, James Coey; Majs., Francis C. Miller, George Harney, Dudley Farling, Alex. R. Penfield, James Coey. This was an Oswego county regiment, organized at Oswego and there mustered into the U. S. service on Sept. 23, 1862. It received by transfer on Jan. 25, 1865, the remnant of the 76th N. Y. The regiment left the state on Sept. 25, 1862, and after serving for a time in the defenses of Washington, north of the Potomac and in the provisional brigade, provost guard, Army of the Potomac, it was placed in the 1st division, 1st corps. It was under fire for the first time at Fitzhugh's crossing below Fredericksburg, one of the preliminary movements of the Chancellorsville campaign, losing a few men killed and wounded. It was in reserve at Chancellorsville and sustained no losses. In the 2nd (Cutler's) brigade, 1st (Wadsworth's) division 1st corps, and commanded by Lieut.-Col. Miller, it marched on the field of Gettysburg. "The brigade— Cutler's—was the first infantry to arrive on that field and to it fell the honor of opening that famous battle, the first volley coming from the rifles of the 56th Pa. When Cutler's troops were forced back, the order to retire failed to reach the 147th, as Col. Miller fell wounded and senseless just as he received it, and so the gallant band, under Maj. Harney, continued to hold its ground. A temporary success near by enabled the regiment to retire in good order; but not all, for of the 380 who entered that fight, 76 were killed or mortally wounded, 146 were wounded, and 79 were missing; total, 301." (Fox's, Regimental Losses in the Civil War.) The regiment took part in the Mine Run campaign—the last campaign of the 1st corps—sustaining a few casualties, and then went into winter quarters at Brandy Station. In March, 1864, when the 1st corps was broken up, it was assigned to the 3d brigade, 4th (Wadsworth's) division, 5th (Warren's) corps, and was actively engaged in all the battles of the corps during Grant's bloody campaign of 1864-65. While in the 5th corps it took part in the battle of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, North Anna river, Totopotomy, Cold Harbor, first assault on Petersburg, siege of Petersburg, Weldon railroad, Poplar Spring Church, Boydton road, Hatcher's run, White Oak ridge, Five Forks and Appomattox. The total casualties of the regiment from the opening of the campaign in May, 1864, until Lee's surrender, amounted to 477 killed, wounded and missing. It was mustered out near Washington, D. C, June 7, 1865, under. Col. Miller. The total enrollment of the regiment during service was 2,102, of whom 581 were killed or wounded; 9 officers and 159 men were killed or mortally wounded; 2 officers and 177 men died of disease and other causes; total deaths, 11 officers and 336 men.
SOLD!!! Offered is a wonderful badge worn by a veteran of Company A,
70th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
The badge has two ladders and a shield as the bottom drop. Written on the top two ladders is “CO.A – 70”
OHIO”. Written on the shield drop is “VOL. INF. –
SHILOH – Apr. 6 & 7 1862”. The shield also has a pair of crossed muskets
on it.
From Dyer's Compendium
70th Regiment Infantry. Organized at
West Union, Ohio, October 14, 1861. Moved to Ripley, Ohio, December 25, thence
to Paducah, Ky., February 17, 1862. Attached to District of Paducah, Ky., to
March, 1862. 3rd Brigade, 5th Division, Army of the Tennessee, to July, 1862.
3rd Brigade, 5th Division, District of Memphis, Tenn., to November. 1862. 3rd
Brigade, 5th Division, District of Memphis, Right Wing 13th Army Corps (Old),
Dept. of the Tennessee, November, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, District of
Memphis, 13th Army Corps, to December, 1862. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 17th
Army Corps, to January, 1863. 2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Army Corps, to March,
1863. 3rd Brigade, 1st Division, 16th Army Corps, to July, 1863. 3rd Brigade,
4th Division, 15th Army Corps, to August, 1864. 1st Brigade, 4th Division, 15th
Army Corps, to September, 1864. 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 15th Army Corps, to
July, 1865. Dept. of Arkansas to August, 1865.
SERVICE.--Moved from Paducah, Ky., to Savannah, Tenn., March 6-10, 1862.
Expedition to Yellow Creek and occupation of Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., March
14-17. Crump's Landing April 4. Battle of Shiloh, Tenn., April 6-7. Advance on
and siege of Corinth, Miss., April 29-May 30. Russell House, near Corinth, May
17. Occupation of Corinth May 30. March to Memphis, Tenn., via LaGrange, Grand
Junction and Holly Springs June 1-July 21. Duty at Memphis till November.
Grant's Central Mississippi Campaign, operations on the Mississippi Central
Railroad, November, 1862, to January, 1863. Moved to LaGrange, Tenn., and duty
there till March 7, and at Moscow till June 9. Ordered to Vicksburg, Miss.,
June 9. Siege of Vicksburg June 14-July 4. Advance on Jackson, Miss., July
4-10. Bolton's Ferry, Black River, July 4-6. Siege of Jackson July 10-17. Camp
at Big Black till September 26. Moved to Memphis, Tenn., thence march to
Chattanooga, Tenn., September 26-November 20. Chattanooga-Ringgold Campaign
November 23-27. Tunnel Hill November 23-25. Mission Ridge November 25. March to
relief of Knoxville, Tenn., November 28-December 28. Regiment reenlisted
January 1, 1864. Veterans on furlough February. Duty at Scottsboro, Ala., till
May. Atlanta (Ga.) Campaign May 1-September 8. Demonstrations on Resaca May
8-13. Near Resaca May 13. Battle of Resaca May 14-15. Advance on Dallas May
18-25. Operations on line of Pumpkin Vine Creek and battles about Dallas, New
Hope Church and Allatoona Hills May 25-June 5. Operations about Marietta and
against Kenesaw Mountain June 10-July 2. Brush Mountain June 15. Assault on
Kenesaw June 27. Nickajack Creek July 2-5. Ruff's Mills July 3-4. Chattahoochie
River July 5-17. Battle of Atlanta July 22. Siege of Atlanta July 22-August 25.
Ezra Chapel July 28 (Hood's second sortie). Flank movement on Jonesboro August
25-30. Battle of Jonesboro August 31-September 1. Lovejoy Station September
2-6. Operations against Hood in North Georgia and North Alabama September
29-November 3. Reconnoissance from Rome on Cave Springs Road and skirmishes
October 12-13. March to the sea November 15-December 10. Statesboro December 4.
Near Bryan Court House December 8. Siege of Savannah December 10-21. Fort
McAllister December 13. Campaign of the Carolinas January to April, 1865.
Columbia, S.C., February 16-17. Battle of Bentonville, N. C., March 20-21.
Occupation of Goldsboro March 24. Advance on Raleigh April 10-14. Occupation of
Raleigh April 14. Bennett's House April 26. Surrender of Johnston and his army.
March to Washington, D.C., via Richmond, Va., April 29-May 30. Grand Review May
24. Moved to Louisville, Ky., June, thence to Little Rock, Ark., and duty there
till August. Mustered out August 14, 1865. Regiment lost during service 5
Officers and 70 Enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 2 Officers and 188
Enlisted men by disease. Total 265.
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Civil War Items