General Stonewall Jackson Lexington, Virginia Momument Dedication Badge
Item #: 16025
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A super hard to find badge worn by participants at the monument dedication of the Stonewall Jackson monument in Lexington, Virginia in 1891. This neat badge has an eagle standing on a shield as a hanger. A silver colored disk is attached tot he hanger. In the center of the disk is the likeness of Stonewall Jackson. Written around the likeness is "Gen. Thomas J. Jackson - STONEWALL - Born Jan. 21, 1824 - Died May 10, 1863". On the back of the drop is the likeness of the Stonewall Jackson riding a horse. Written around the likeness is "Gen. T.J. Jackson Statue - Lexington, VA - Dedicated July 21, 1891".
1928 Confederate Veterans of Virginia Program and Ribbon
Item #: 15965
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Offered is a very clean program and ribbon from the 1928 annual reunion of the Confederate Veterans of Virginia held in Portsmouth, Virginia. The ribbon is white. Written in red ink on the ribbon is "Confederate Veteran - 1928". The ribbon is approximately 5 13/16 inches long and approximately 1 1/2 inches wide. The program is approximately 9 1/4 inches tall and 6 inches wide. Written on the front cover is "Forty-first annual reunion Confederate Veterans of Virginia - Thirty-third annual reunion Sons of Confederate Veterans - Official Program - Portsmouth, Virginia - June 19, 20, 21, 1928". Along with information on the reunion, there is also photos of Virginia Confederate veterans in the program.
A wonderful badge worn by a survivor of Mahone's Brigade at the 1903 reunion held in Petersburg, Virginia. This really great badge has a red ribbon with a pin for a hanger. The hanger is attached to a large celluloid pin back button. The button is approximately 2 inches wide. Written on the celluloid drop is "Mahone's Brigade Reunion of the Survivors of the Charge of the Crater - Petersburg, VA. - November 6th, 1903". The writing is surrounded by a Confederate battle flag and a gold colored division between the writing and the battle flag. On the back of the drop is a Confederate battle flag. Written around the flag is "Battle of the Crater - July 30, 1864". The badge was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of Newark, New Jersey as noted by the manufactures label attached to the back of the hanger.
The Battle of the Crater
Two weeks after Union forces arrived to invest the Confederate defenders of Petersburg, the battle lines of both sides had settled into a stalemate. Since Cold Harbor, Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was reluctant to mount a frontal attack against well-entrenched Confederates. By late June, Grant's lines covered most of the eastern approaches to Petersburg, but neither side seemed ready to risk an offensive move. Part of the Union line was held by Maj. Gen. Ambrose E. Burnside's Ninth Corps. Some of Burnside's men were Pennsylvania miners, and they approached Burnside with a plan. They would tunnel underground from behind Union lines to a point underneath a Confederate position and fill the mine with explosives. When detonated, the resulting explosion would destroy a portion of the Rebel lines that could be exploited by infantry. Grant demurred but the digging began. On July 30th, after weeks of preparation, the Federals exploded the mine beneath a Confederate salient, blowing a gap in the defenses. At that point, everything deteriorated rapidly for the Union attackers. Unit after unit, most of whom were U. S. Colored Troops, charged into and around the crater, where most of them milled in confusion in the bottom of the crater. The Confederates quickly recovered and launched several counterattacks led by Maj. Gen. William Mahone. The break was sealed off, and the Federals were repulsed with severe casualties. Most of the black soldiers were badly mauled. Instead of ending the siege, both sides settled in for eight months of trench warfare. Burnside was relieved of command for his role in the debacle.
Offered is a super badge worn by a veteran of the 7th Michigan Infantry at their annual reunion held in 1912 at Lapeer, Michigan. This neat badge has a metal hanger with "Lapeer, June 18, 1912" written in the middle on a celluloid strip. A blue ribbon is attached to the hanger. Written on the ribbon in a gold colored ink is "26th Annual Reunion of the 7th Mich. Infantry - Pres., Hohn G. McMillian - Vice-Pres., Jos. McDaniels - Sec.-Treas., Robert King". A large celluloid disk is attached to the ribbon. The base color of the disk is red and there are three photo likenesses of 7th Michigan Infantry members on the disk. The three veterans on the disk are A.T. Heacock, J.W. Holmes, and C.A. Brink. The badge was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of newark, New Jersey as noted in the back of the celluloid disk. The badge is approximately 5 1/2 inches tall and approximately 2 3/8 inches wide.
Of the three men with a photo likeness on the celluloid disk, C.A. Brink was wounded at Gettysburg, A.T. Heacock was promoted to captain, and J.W. Holmes was discharged early in the war.
7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment
The 7th Michigan Volunteer Infantry Regiment lost 11 officers and 197 enlisted men killed and mortally wounded and 3 officers and 186 enlisted men by disease. The regiment is honored by a monument at Gettysburg.
1861
August 22
Organized at Monroe, Mich. and mustered in under Colonel Ira Rufus Grosvenor
Moved to Harper’s Ferry, thence to Charleston and Berryville
March 24
To Harper’s Ferry, then to Washington, D.C
March 27
To the Virginia Peninsula
April to August
Peninsula Campaign
April 5-May 4
Siege of Yorktown
May 7-8
West Point
May 31-June 1
Battle of Fair Oaks or Seven Pines
June 25-July 1
Seven days before Richmond
June 29
Peach Orchard and Savage Station
June 30
White Oak Swamp and Glendale
Lieutenant Charles Hunt was wounded
July 1
Malvern Hill
July 7
Colonel Grosvenor resigned “due to the impoverished state of my health.”
July 14
Lieutenant Norman J. Hall, USA (USMA 1859), former Acting AAG on the staff of Brigadier General John G. Barnard, was commissioned colonel of the 7th Michigan.
July 2 – August 16
Duty at Harrison’s Landing
August 5
Action at Malvern Hill
August 15-28
Movement from Harrison’s Landing to Alexandria
August 28-31
To Fairfax Court House; Cover Pope’s retreat from Bull Run to Washington.
September 4
Captain Henry W. Nall was transferred to the 24th Michigan and appointed major.
The 7th Michigan was commanded by Colonel Norman Hall. Colonel Hall took over the brigade as senior colonel when General Dana was wounded and was himself wounded. Lieutenant Colonel Baxter was wounded by this time, and Captain Charles J. Hunt took over the regiment.
Dana’s Brigade, following Gorman’s in column of attack, passed through the East Woods, crossed the Cornfield and the Hagerstown Pike, about 50 yards in rear of Gorman, and entered the West Woods, where its advance was checked about 40 yards east of this point.
Its left flank having been attacked and turned, by McLaws’ and Walker’s Divisions, it was compelled to retire.
A portion of the Brigade, with the 1st Minnesota Infantry, occupied a line near the Nicodemus house which it held for a time until, its flank having been again turned, it retired to the woods and fields east of the Hagerstown Pike.
September 22
Moved to Harper’s Ferry, W. Va. and duty there
October 30- November 17
Advance up the Loudon Valley and movement to Falmouth, Va.
December 11-15
Battle of Fredericksburg
The 7th Michigan was the first regiment to cross the Rappahannock River in pontoon boats under the fire of Confederate sharpshooters. It then drove the Confederate skirmishers from their cover, allowing a pontoon bridge to be constructed. Lieutenant Colonel Baxter was wounded in the attack.
December 11
Forlorn hope to cross the Rappahannock at Fredericksburg
The 7th Michigan was commanded at Gettysburg by Lieutenant Colonel Amos Steele, Jr. while Colonel Hall commanded the brigade as senior colonel. Lieutenant Colonel Steele was killed on July 3rd, and Major Sylvanus W. Curtis took command. The 7th brought 165 men to the field, losing 21 killed and 44 wounded.
From the regimental monument near the Copse of Trees at Gettysburg:
Regiment held this position during the engagement of July 2nd and 3rd, 1863. On the evening of the 2nd changed front to the left, meeting and aiding in driving back the enemy. On the 3rd assisted in repulsing Pickett’s Charge, changing front to the right and assaulting the advancing force in flank.
Present for duty 14 officers 151 men. Total 165. Casualties, 2 officers 19 men killed; 3 officers 41 men wounded. Total 65.
July 5-24
Pursuit of Lee to Manassas Gap, Va.
August 20- September 12
On detached duty at New York City during draft disturbances
Offered is a nice badge worn by veterans of the 2nd Michigan Cavalry at their 1909 reunion. The badge has a brass colored metal circular disk that holds a celluloid photo likeness of a lieutenant. A yellow and blue ribbon is attached to the pin on the back of the badge. Written around the lieutenant is "1861 - 65 - 2nd Mich. Cav. - 1909". The badge was made by the Whitehead & Hoag Company of Newark, New Jersey as noted by the manufacturer's label attached to the pin.
2nd Michigan Cavalry in the American Civil War
Regimental History
Second Michigan Cavalry. — Cols., Gordon Granger, Archibald P. Campbell; Lieut. -Cols., William C. Davies, Frederick Fowler, Benjamin Smith, Thomas W. Johnston; Majs., Robert H. G. Minty, Charles P. Babcock, Frank W. Dickey, John C. Godley, Leonidas S. Scranton, Marshall J. Dickinson, Harrison F. Nicholson, Charles N. Baker. This regiment was organized at Grand Rapids and was mustered in Oct. 2, 1861. It left the state on Nov. 14, was stationed at Benton barracks, St. Louis, was engaged in skirmishes at Point Pleasant, Tipton and New Madrid, participated in the siege of Island No. 10, and then moved with Pope's army to Mississippi. It was in the engagements at Pine hill, Monterey and Farmington, and the siege of Corinth. Col. Granger was made brigadier-general and was succeeded by Philip H. Sheridan as colonel, but the latter was not mustered in as such. The regiment was in the engagements at Booneville, Blackland, and Baldwin, in June, 1862, and was in a spirited fight at Booneville July 1, where 7,000 of Chalmer's cavalry were repulsed by six companies, numbering less than 500 men. This was one of the greatest minor victories of the war. The 2nd Mich. and 2nd Ia. cavalry followed the enemy for 20 miles, capturing a large amount of arms and clothing. The regiment was engaged at Rienzi in August, when a largely superior force was defeated and dispersed and many prisoners were captured. Col. Sheridan was made a brigadier- general and Lieut. -Col. Campbell was appointed colonel. The regiment was engaged at the battle of Perryville, Ky., then at Harrodsburg, Lancaster and the Rockcastle river. In Dec, 1862, and Jan., 1863, it was in a raid in eastern Tennessee, being engaged at Blountville, Zollicoffer, Wartrace, Jonesville, Bacon creek and Glasgow. In March it was engaged at Milton, Cainsville, Spring Hill, Columbia, Hillsboro and Brentwood. The engagement at Columbia was against a much larger force, but two battalions of the 2nd Mich. cavalry by tremendous efforts, saved the wagon trains, which were in charge of the 18th Ohio cavalry. The regiment fought at McGarvick's ford in April, and during the summer was engaged at Triune, Rover, Middletown, Shelbyville, Elk river ford, and Decherd. It participated at Chickamauga, holding an important point against an enemy, and in October was engaged in the pursuit of Wheeler's cavalry, being in action at Anderson's cross-roads. It fought at Sparta, Dandridge and Mossy creek, in December, and at Dandridge and Pigeon river in Jan., 1864. While at Cleveland, Tenn., 326 reenlisted as veterans and took a furlough, rejoining the regiment in July. On the Atlanta campaign the regiment fought at Dug gap, Red Clay, the Etowah river and Acworth, and joined Gen. Thomas' army in Tennessee. It met and defeated the enemy at Campbellville and Franklin in September; was engaged at Cypress river in October, where a force four times that of the Union army was defeated; participated at Raccoon ford, and during November was engaged at Shoal creek, Lawrenceburg, Campbellville, Columbia, Spring Hill and the battle of Franklin. During December it was engaged at Nashville, Richland creek, Pulaski and Sugar creek, and in 1865 fought at Corinth, Tuscaloosa, Trion, Bridgeville and Talladega. It was in camp at Macon from May 1 until July 17, detachments being sent to garrison Perry, Thomaston, Barnesville, Forsyth and Milledgeville. The regiment was mustered out Aug. 17, 1865. Its original strength was 1,163; gain 1,262; total, 2,425. Loss by death, 338.
1 New Jersey Brigade Crampton Pass 50th Anniversary Badge
Item #: 15644
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A great badge worn by a veteran of the First New Jersey Brigade at the 50th anniversary of the battle of Crampton Pass in 1912. The badge has a heavy metal backing with an insert which says "VETERAN". A blue, beige, and blue ribbon is attached to the hanger. Written on the ribbon is "50th Anniversary Battle of Crampton Pass - 31st Reunion of Kearny's First New Jersey Brigade Society - Camden, N.J. - Sept. 14, 1912". The likeness of a Sixth Corp badge is in the center of the ribbon. The badge was made by the Sommer Badge Manufacturing Company of Newark, New Jersey as noted on the makers label attached to the back of the ribbon. There is a small piece of museum quality acid free tapeon the upper part of the back ribbon. The badge is approximately 6 1/8 inches tall and 2 3/8 inches wide.
First New Jersey Brigade
Through the course of the Civil War, the brigade was composed entirely of units from New Jersey, the only Union brigade during the war to be constituted as such. Its origins were on May 4, 1861, when New Jersey was directed by the Federal government to fill a quota of three infantry regiments to serve a three-year term of enlistment. Recruitment took place for the new regiments all over the state, and on May 21, 1861, the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was mustered into the Union Army at Camp Olden in Trenton, New Jersey, under Maj. Theodore T. S. Laidley of the United States Regular Army. The 1st New Jersey was then followed into Federal service by the 2nd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry (May 28, 1861) and the 3rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry.
On June 28, 1861, the three newly created three-year regiments began the journey to Virginia, where in June they were joined with a brigade of three-month enlistment New Jersey Militia regiments to form a division commanded by Brig. Gen.Theodore Runyon. This was the first time the New Jersey regiments officially formed the brigade. During the First Bull Run Campaign, most of the brigade saw service in the field guarding train hubs, supply depots and roadways, being considered too "green" to be reliable in combat. However, a few companies of the 1st and 2nd New Jersey Infantries were directed to help stem the retreat at Centreville, Virginia, after the Confederates routed General Irvin McDowell's forces at Manassas, Virginia, on July 21, 1861. They were unsuccessful, and many officers and men retreated in the rout as well.
In August 1861, the 4th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry was recruited and added to the First New Jersey Brigade after its muster into service. From that point on, the four regiments and their later remnants would serve together until the end of the war and their final discharge.
Later service
As the war progressed, more regiments were added to the brigade, but in keeping with its tradition, they were New Jersey units. In September 1862, the nine-month enlistment unit 23rd New Jersey Volunteer Infantry and the three-year 15th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry were added, with the 23rd New Jersey serving until June 1863 and the 15th New Jersey serving until the end of the war. On April 19, 1864, the 10th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry "Olden's Legion" was added. In March 1865 the 40th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry—the last raised by the state—was brigaded with the original units.
First New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 3, 1864 153 killed or died of wounds and 99 died of disease or accidents
Second New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–May 21, 1864 96 killed or died of wounds and 69 died of disease or accidents
Third New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 3, 1864 157 killed or died of wounds and 81 died of disease or accidents
Fourth New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: June 1861–June 22, 1865 161 killed or died of wounds and 105 died of disease or accidents
Tenth New Jersey Infantry "Olden Legion" Service in brigade: April 19, 1864–June 22, 1865 93 killed or died of wounds and 190 Died of disease or accidents
Fifteenth New Jersey Infantry "Fighting Fifteenth" Service in brigade: September 30, 1862–June 22, 1865 240 killed or died of wounds and 132 died of disease or accidents.
Twenty-Third New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: October 8, 1862–June 27, 1863 35 killed or died of wounds and 55 died of disease or accidents
Fortieth New Jersey Infantry Service in brigade: February 2, 1865–July 13, 1865 2 killed or died of wounds and 17 died of disease or accidents
Commanders
The brigade's first commander was Brig. Gen. Philip Kearny, whose training and discipline molded the regiments into an effective fighting unit. He was succeeded by George W. Taylor, who was Colonel of the 3rd New Jersey. Taylor was promoted to brigadier general soon after assuming command of the brigade. After his mortal wounding at the Second Battle of Bull Run, the leadership of the brigade went to Alfred Thomas Torbert, who was serving as Colonel of the 1st New Jersey Volunteer Infantry. Subsequent commanders were Col. Henry Brown (3rd New Jersey), Col. William H. Penrose (15th New Jersey), and Capt. Baldwin Hufty (4th New Jersey).
Medal of Honor recipients
Six soldiers from the First New Jersey Brigade received the Medal of Honor for bravery:
1st Lieutenant William Brant, Jr. - 1st New Jersey Veterans Battalion
Private Frank E. Fesq - 40th New Jersey Volunteer Infantry
The Battle of Crampton Pass
In the aftermath of his great victory at Second Bull Run, Robert E. Lee was determined to launch an invasion of the North. He hoped that a similar victory on northern soil would weaken the North’s resolve, and possibly encourage Maryland to rise and join the Confederacy. Lee convinced Jefferson Davies to approve his plan, and at the start of September Lee’s victorious army crossed the Potomac.
Once in the north, Lee became concerned about the 13,000 strong Federal garrison of Harper’s Ferry. He decided that he could not risk leaving that garrison in his rear. To capture it he took the decision to split his army. Two thirds of the army, under Stonewall Jackson, was sent to capture Harper’s Ferry, while he remained further north with the rest of the army. Lee was taking a massive risk. He assumed that the Federal army defeated at Bull Run would take weeks to be recover, especially with George McClellan restored to command. He had repeated demonstrated a slow, cautious attitude during the Peninsula Campaign, and Lee expected more of the same.
He was wrong. McClellan had taken over a beaten army, but not a demoralised or unorganised one. McClellan soon had an army 70,000 strong on the move towards Lee. He also had a stroke of luck when a copy of Lee’s order for the move against Harper’s Ferry was discovered on 13 September. McClellan received this piece of luck at Frederick, less than twenty miles from Harper’s Ferry, where the garrison was still holding out.
Even with this information in hand, McClellan still did not move quickly. He was nearly always convinced that whatever army he commanded was badly outnumbered – here he was convinced that Lee had at least 100,000 men, twice the real number. Accordingly, he did nothing on 13 September other than issue orders for a movement on the following day.
The main barrier that faced McClellan was South Mountain. This mountain runs north from the Potomac, reaching the river just east of Harper’s Ferry. McClellan’s men would have to force their way through Confederate held passes before they could engage Lee or go to the relief of Harper’s Ferry. Worse for the garrison of Harper’s Ferry, McClellan decided to make his main attack at Turner’s and Fox’s Gaps (Battle of South Mountain). Success here would bring McClellan up against Lee’s smaller section of the Confederate army.
A smaller force, 12,000 men under Major-General William B. Franklin, was sent to Crampton’s Gap, further south. This force might not have been big enough to defeat Jackson’s entire force around Harper’s Ferry, but it was easily big enough to deal with that part of Jackson’s force that had remained north of the Potomac, which was no more than 8,000 strong, and thus to rescue the garrison. However, Crampton’s Gap was also defended. First, Franklin would need to fight his way through the pass.
This should not have been a problem. He was opposed by three brigades from the force that had been sent against Harper’s Ferry, a total of 2,200 men. Even by his own account, Reynolds was able to get 6,500 men into action at Crampton’s Gap. Despite this numerical advantage it took Reynolds most of 14 September to fight his way through the pass. He suffered 533 casualties during the battle (113 dead, 418 wounded and 2 missing), and probably inflicted twice that many (he captured 400 prisoners). However, the victory came too late in the day to achieve its aim. The next morning, when Reynolds made a tentative move towards Harper’s Ferry, he decided that he was too weak to attack the Confederate forces north of the river. In any case it was by then too late. Harper’s Ferry surrendered early on the morning of 15 September.
A nice badge worn at the 1930 United Confederate Veterans/Sons of Confederate Veterans Reunion held in Biloxi, Mississippi. The hanger is a bronze type material. It is in the shape of the Gulf Counties of Mississippi. Written on the hanger is "Hancock - Harrison -Jackson, Mississippi - The Magnolia State". A red and white ribbon is attached to the hanger. The bottom drop which is attached to the ribbon is in a round shape. The drop has a sailing boat image in the middle of the drop. Written around the ship is "40th Annual Confederate Reunion, Biloxi, Miss - S.C.V. - June 3-4-5-6, 1930".The badge is made by the Greenduck Company, Chicago as noted on the bottom of the drop.The badge is approximately 4 inches long and 2 inches wide.
Major General John F. Reynolds Gettysburg Monument Pin Back
Item #: RX31006
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SOLD!!!
A great pin back with the Gettysburg monument of Major General John F. Reynolds in the middle. Around the monument is written "Gen. John F. Reynolds - Lancaster, PA.". The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. The pin back was made by the Sommer badge Manufacturing Company, Newark, New Jersey.
Reynolds was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, one of nine surviving children of John Reynolds (1787–1853) and Lydia Moore Reynolds (1794–1843). Two of his brothers were James LeFevre Reynolds, Quartermaster General of Pennsylvania, and Rear AdmiralWill Reynolds.[2] Prior to his military training, Reynolds studied in nearby Lititz, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from his home in Lancaster. Next he attended a school in Long Green, Maryland, and finally the Lancaster County Academy.[3]
On his return from Mexico, Reynolds was assigned to Fort Preble, Maine, New Orleans, Louisiana, and Fort Lafayette, New York. He was next sent west to Fort Orford, Oregon, in 1855, and participated in the Rogue River Wars of 1856 and the Utah War with the Mormons in 1857-58. He was the Commandant of Cadets at West Point from September 1860 to June 1861, while also serving as an instructor of artillery, cavalry, and infantry tactics. During his return from the West, Reynolds became engaged to Katherine May Hewitt. Since they were from different religious denominations—Reynolds was a Protestant, Hewitt a Catholic—the engagement was kept a secret and Hewitt's parents did not learn about it until after Reynolds' death.[5]
The Confederate attack continued on June 27 and Reynolds, exhausted from the Battle of Gaines' Mill and two days without sleep, was captured in Boatswain's Swamp, Virginia. Thinking he was in a place of relative safety, he fell asleep and was not aware that his retreating troops left him behind. He was extremely embarrassed when brought before the Confederate general of the capturing troops; D.H. Hill was an Army friend and colleague from before the war. Hill allegedly told him, "Reynolds, do not feel so bad about your capture, it is the fate of wars."[8] Reynolds was transported to Richmond and held at Libby Prison, but was quickly exchanged on August 15 (for Lloyd Tilghman).[9]
Second Bull Run, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville
Upon his return, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Reserves Division, whose commander, McCall, had been captured just two days after Reynolds. The V Corps joined the Army of Virginia, under Maj. Gen. John Pope, at Manassas. On the second day of the Second Battle of Bull Run, while most of the Union Army was retreating, Reynolds led his men in a last-ditch stand on Henry House Hill, site of the great Union debacle at First Bull Run the previous year. Waving the flag of the 2nd Reserves regiment, he yelled, "Now boys, give them the steel, charge bayonets, double quick!" His counterattack halted the Confederate advance long enough to give the Union Army time to retreat in a more orderly fashion, arguably the most important factor in preventing its complete destruction.[10]
At the request of Pennsylvania GovernorAndrew G. Curtin, Reynolds was given command of the Pennsylvania Militia during General Robert E. Lee's invasion of Maryland. Generals McClellan and Joseph Hooker complained that "a scared governor ought not to be permitted to destroy the usefulness of an entire division," but the governor prevailed and Reynolds spent two weeks in Pennsylvania drilling old men and boys, missing the Battle of Antietam. However, he returned to the Army of the Potomac in late 1862 and assumed command of the I Corps. One of his divisions, commanded by Brig. Gen. George G. Meade, made the only breakthrough at the Battle of Fredericksburg, but Reynolds did not reinforce Meade with his other two divisions and the attack failed; Reynolds did not receive a clear understanding from Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin about his role in the attack.[10] After the battle, Reynolds was promoted to major general of volunteers, with a date of rank of November 29, 1862.[11]
At the Battle of Chancellorsville in May 1863, Reynolds clashed with Maj. Gen. Hooker, his predecessor at I Corps, but by this time the commander of the Army of the Potomac. Hooker originally placed the I Corps on the extreme left of the Union line, southeast of Fredericksburg, hoping to threaten and distract the Confederate right. On May 2, Hooker changed his mind and ordered the corps to conduct a daylight march nearly 20 miles to swing around and become the extreme right flank of the army, to the northwest of the XI Corps. The march was delayed by faulty communications and by the need to move stealthily to avoid Confederate contact. Thus, the I Corps was not yet in position when the XI Corps was surprised and overrun by Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's flank attack, a setback that destroyed Hooker's nerve for offensive action. Hooker called a council of war on May 4 in which Reynolds voted to proceed with the battle, but although the vote was three to two for offensive action, Hooker decided to retreat. Reynolds, who had gone to sleep after giving his proxy vote to Meade, woke up and muttered loud enough for Hooker to hear, "What was the use of calling us together at this time of night when he intended to retreat anyhow?" The 17,000-man I Corps was not engaged at Chancellorsville and suffered only 300 casualties during the entire campaign.[12]
Reynolds joined several of his fellow officers in urging that Hooker be replaced, in the same way he had spoken out against Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside after Fredericksburg. On the previous occasion, Reynolds wrote in a private letter, "If we do not get some one soon who can command an army without consulting 'Stanton and Halleck' at Washington, I do not know what will become of this Army." PresidentAbraham Lincoln met with Reynolds in a private interview on June 2 and is believed to have asked him whether he would consider being the next commander of the Army of the Potomac. Reynolds supposedly replied that he would be willing to accept only if he were given a free hand and could be isolated from the political influences that had affected the Army commanders throughout the war. Unable to comply with his demands, Lincoln promoted the more junior George G. Meade to replace Hooker on June 28.[13]
Gettysburg
"The Fall of Reynolds" – drawing of Reynolds' death at Gettysburg
On the morning of July 1, 1863, Reynolds was commanding the "left wing" of the Army of the Potomac, with operational control over the I, III, and XI Corps, and Brig. Gen. John Buford's cavalry division. Buford occupied the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, and set up light defensive lines north and west of the town. He resisted the approach of two Confederate infantry brigades on the Chambersburg Pike until the nearest Union infantry, Reynolds' I Corps, began to arrive. Reynolds rode out ahead of the 1st Division, met with Buford, and then accompanied some of his soldiers, probably from Brig. Gen. Lysander Cutler's brigade, into the fighting at Herbst's Woods. Troops began arriving from Brig. Gen. Solomon Meredith's Iron Brigade, and as Reynolds was supervising the placement of the 2nd Wisconsin, he yelled at them, "Forward men! For God's sake forward!" At that moment he fell from his horse with a wound in the back of the upper neck, or lower head,[14] and died almost instantly. Command passed to his senior division commander, Maj. Gen. Abner Doubleday.
For the Union side, the death of John Reynolds meant more than the loss of an inspiring leader; it also removed from the equation the one person with enough vision and sense of purpose to manage this battle.
Noah Andre Trudeau, Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage[15]
The loss of General Reynolds was keenly felt by the army. He was loved by his men and respected by his peers. There are no recorded instances of negative comments made by his contemporaries.[16] Historian Shelby Foote wrote that many considered him "not only the highest ranking [sic] but also the best general in the army."[17] His death had a more immediate effect that day, however. By ratifying Buford's defensive plan and engaging his I Corps infantry, Reynolds essentially selected the location for the Battle of Gettysburg for Meade, turning a chance meeting engagement into a massive pitched battle, committing the Army of the Potomac to fight on that ground with forces that were initially numerically inferior to the Confederates that were concentrating there. In the command confusion that followed Reynolds' death, the two Union corps that reached the field were overwhelmed and forced to retreat through the streets of Gettysburg to the high ground south of town, where they were rallied by his old friend, Maj. Gen. Winfield S. Hancock.[18]
Possible location of General Reynolds' death
Reynolds' body was immediately transported from Gettysburg to Taneytown, Maryland, and then to his birthplace, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he was buried on July 4, 1863.[6] Befitting his importance to the Union and his native state, he is memorialized by three statues in Gettysburg National Military Park (an equestrian statue on McPherson Ridge, one by John Quincy Adams Ward in the National Cemetery, and one on the Pennsylvania Memorial),[19] as well as one in front of the Philadelphia City Hall.[20]
Kate Hewitt had agreed with Reynolds that if he were killed in the war and they could not marry, she would join a convent. After he was buried, she traveled to Emmitsburg, Maryland, and joined the St. Joseph Central House of the Order of the Daughters of Charity.[21]
Death controversies
Historians disagree on the details of Reynolds' death, including the specific time (either 10:15 a.m. or 10:40–10:50 a.m.), the exact location (on East McPherson Ridge, near the 2nd Wisconsin Infantry, or West McPherson Ridge, near the 19th Indiana), and the source of the bullet (a Confederate infantryman, a Confederate sharpshooter, or friendly fire). One primary source was Sergeant Charles Henry Veil, his orderly and unit Color Guard, who described the events in a letter in 1864 and then contradicted some of the details in another letter 45 years later. A letter from Reynolds' sister, Jennie, stated that the wound had a downward trajectory from the neck, implying that he was shot from above, presumably a sharpshooter in a tree or barn. Historians Bruce Catton and Glenn Tucker make firm assertions that a sharpshooter was responsible; Stephen Sears credits volley fire from the 7th Tennessee against the 2nd Wisconsin; Edwin Coddington cites the sister's letter and finds the sharpshooter theory to be partly credible, but leans towards Sears' conclusion; Harry W. Pfanz agrees that the location was behind the 2nd Wisconsin, but makes no judgment about the source of the fire. Steve Sanders, writing in Gettysburg magazine, suggested the possibility of friendly fire based on some accounts, and concludes that it is as equally likely as enemy fire.[22]
A great pin back with a photo of Sylvanus C. Munhall, the last officer survivor of the 71 officers of the 76 Illinois Infantry. In the middle of the pin back is S.C.Munhill with a child. Written around the photo is "S.C. Munhall (Urchin) 89 - Last Survivor of 71 Officers - 76th Illinois". The size is approximately 1 3/8 inches wide. Munhall mustered in to the 76th Illinois Infantry on August 22, 1862 and mustered out on July 22, 1865. He lived until 1943.
History of the 76th Illinois Infantry
The seventy-sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry was organized at Kankakee, Illinois, in August, 1862, by Colonel A. W. Mack, and was mustered in August 22d, 1862. Immediately after its muster it was ordered to Columbus, Kentucky, at which place it arrived August 29th, and soon after was armed with Enfield Rifle Muskets Remained at Columbus, drilling and doing fatigue and picket duty, until October 4th, when the Regiment was ordered to Bolivar, Tenn., by rail, at which place it arrived October 5th, and camped near the city until November 3d, when the Regiment with other troops was moved to La Grange, Tenn., and remained there until November 28th, when it was sent with General Grant on his campaign along the Mississippi Central Railroad; was at Holly Springs on the 29th and at Waterford on the 30th, doing its part in driving Price's army southwest.
The Fourth Division of the Thirteenth Army Corps, to which the Seventy-sixth belonged, remained near Waterford contending with fierce storms and fathomless mud until December 11th, when it continued its march southward, crossing the Tallahatchie River, passing through Abbyville and Oxford, and halting near Springdale, until December 22d, when the information was received that the Rebel General VanDorn had captured Holly Springs in the rear of the army and destroyed a large quantity of supplies and cut off all communication with the North.
The entire command was about faced and proceeded northward, living off the country and at times on extremely short rations. After several days slow marching and much speculation in the entire absence of northern news as to what was to become of the regiment and the army and the country, Holly Springs was entered on the 5th of January, 1863, at which place it remained until January 10th, witnessing many extensive conflagrations.
The Seventy-sixth was the last regiment leaving the city. It marched out about sunset, and the Rebels hovering around in the vicinity occupied the city immediately upon its exit. The Regiment arrived at Moscow on the evening of January 11th and remained there until February 5th, on full rations. At this place the Regiment received official information of the resignation of Col. Mack, who was at that time absent from the Regiment. Lieut. Col. Busey was soon after promoted to Colonel.
On February 5th, the camp of the Regiment was moved, through snow and mud, about ten miles, to the village of Lafayette, where it remained until March 10th, when after a three days' march it arrived at Memphis, Tenn., where it remained until May 13th, when it embarked with other troops on a fleet of steamers and moved down the Mississippi River. The steamer Fort Wayne carrying the Seventy-sixth, was fired into in the night by a band of Guerrillas from the Arkansas shore. Two men were wounded and the boat disabled. The Regiment landed in the morning and burned the buildings on the plantations in the vicinity. The disabled boat was towed down the river with the fleet to Young's Point, Louisiana, where it landed May 17th.
On the 18th the Regiment marched across the Point to the river below Vicksburg and embarked for Grand Gulf, and returned to Young's Point on the 29th and immediately embarked for Chicasaw Bayou, on the Yazoo River, at which place it debarked on the same day; was engaged in closing up the lines in the rear of Vicksburg until after the charge, when it was placed on the left of the besieging lines, and bravely held its place close under the Rebel guns until the final surrender July 4th. On the 5th of July the Regiment moved with Sherman's army against Jackson, Miss., skirmishing with the enemy at Big Black River and at Champion Hills. At Jackson the Rebels under Johnson made a stand and engaged our forces from the 12th to the 16th, the Seventy-sixth occupying the extreme right of the attacking forces.
On the morning of the 17th the city was found vacated by the Rebels and the Union troops occupied it immediately. The Regiment left Jackson July 21st and arrived at Vicksburg on the 23d, remaining there until August 11th, when it embarked and moved down the river to Natchez, landing there on the 12th. Remained there in camp until the latter part of November, when it was ordered back to Vicksburg, where it went into camp about eight miles from the city at Camp Cowan. Enjoyed life at this camp until January 31, 1864, then moved about three miles to Camp Hebron. On February 3d the Seventy-sixth started with General Sherman on his Meridian campaign and was on the move continually until March 4th, when the expedition returned and the Regiment rested at Camp Hebron until April 5th, when it moved to Big Black River Bridge, and was on duty there until April 27th, when it returned to Vicksburg and camped on the high hills surrounding the city.
On the 4th of May the Regiment accompanied an expedition, commanded by General McArthur, to Yazoo City, and participated in the battles of Benton, Vaughn's Station and Deasonville, and drove the enemy from Yazoo City, and occupied the place several days. On the night of May 17 a large portion of the city was burned. The Regiment returned to Vicksburg May 21, and occupied its camp on the hills until June 26, when it was moved to Mount Albans, on the railroad between Vicksburg and the Big Black River. On the 28th moved back to Vicksburg and camped near its old quarters. On July 1, 1864, the Regiment started on an expedition to Jackson, commanded by General Slocum. On its return the command was met between Jackson and Clinton by the enemy, and a sharp battle was fought on the 6th, and renewed on the 7th, when the Seventy-sixth, which bore a prominent part in the engagement, was cut off from the balance of the command, but cut its way out, losing one hundred and two men, sixteen of whom were reported killed and left on the field, and eighty-six wounded and missing. The Regiment returned to Vicksburg July 9, much fatigued. On July 29 the Regiment embarked, and was run down the river on a marine boat to Morganzia; landed there, and remained camped along the levee until August 23, when it was embarked and was transported down the river to Port Hudson; landed and marched, with five days' rations, in great haste, night and day, to Clinton, expecting to annihilate the enemy in that vicinity, but he fled before the Yankee hosts. The Regiment returned to Morganzia, arriving there August 29, foot-sore and weary.
On September 3 the Regiment embarked on the steamer Nebraska, and moved up the Mississippi River to the mouth of White River, landed and camped on the Arkansas shore, and remained until October 18, when it was ordered to Memphis, Tenn., but returned October 28, and occupied quarters there until November 7, when it embarked and moved up White River to Duvall's Bluff, Arkansas, where it built neat log cabins, and fixed to stay; but, in obedience to orders, it broke up its pleasant camp on the 28th , embarked, and was landed at Memphis, Tenn., on the 30th, and camped on the environs of the city; remained there until December 31, 1864, and was then ordered to embark on the steamer Niagara for New Orleans, at which place it arrived January 4, 1865, and went into camp a few miles above the city, at Kenner, behind the levee, where the mud was almost fathomless. Remained there until February 12, when the Regiment was ordered to embark on Gulf steamers and proceed across the Gulf to Mobile Point. The Regiment was divided, and carried on three different crafts. The George Peabody carried the Regimental Headquarters, with four companies of the Seventy-sixth, and parts of other regiments, and a large number of horses, mules and wagons. A terrible storm on the Gulf nearly wrecked the craft. The horses, mules and wagons were consigned to the deep, and the boat was barely gotten back to the Mississippi River with its human freight. Went back to New Orleans, crossed over to Lake Pontchartrain, embarked on the steamer Alice Vivian, and moved by the lakes to Fort Morgan, and from there to Fort Barrancas, near Pensacola, Florida, where the Regiment was again united, February 18, and went into camp, and remained there until March 11, when the camp was moved to Pensacola. On March 20, the Regiment started with General Steel's expedition to Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely, near Mobile Alabama. Traveled through pine swamps, corduroying the quicksand roads as it moved along, and fighting the enemy in front, until April 1, when the Army approached Blakely, and on the 2nd drove the enemy inside his fortifications. General Steel's forces united with General Canby's and General Granger's, from Fort Morgan. On April 8 Spanish Fort was captured, and April 9 the Seventy-sixth participated in the charge on Fort Blakely, capturing the entire garrison. The colors of the Seventy-sixth were the first planted on the enemy's works. The Regiment lost in this, the last battle of the war, seventeen killed and eighty-one wounded. Among the latter was the colonel of the Regiment, who was painfully wounded while gallantly leading his men in the assault.
The Regiment camped inside the fortifications until April 20, when it was transported to Mobile. On the 22d of April the regiment accompanied a fleet of steamers, loaded with soldiers, up the Alabama River, General Steel in command; landed at Selma, Alabama, April 28; remained there until May 11, and was then ordered back to Mobile, and camped near the city. Remained there doing duty until the latter part of June, when it was ordered to Galveston, Texas, where it remained until July 22, and was then mustered out, and ordered to Chicago, Illinois, where it was paid off and disbanded August 4, 1865.
The Regiment had traveled over ten thousand miles. Received one hundred and fifty-six recruits, who were transferred, on its muster out, to the Thirty-seventh Illinois Infantry. The Regiment's commanders were: Colonel Alonzo W. Mack- Mustered in August 22, 1862. Resigned January 7, 1863 Colonel Samuel T. Busey - Mustered in August 22, 1862. Promoted May 11, 1863 The Regiment's size of approximately 1000 men was comprised of the following organizations: Regimental Headquarters - Field and Staff Ten Companies: Company A, Company B, Company C, Company D, Company E, Company F, Company G, Company H, Company I, Company K, and Unassigned Recruits.
Summary of Campaigns, Battles and Engagements:
General Grant's campaign along the Mississippi Central Railroad - November 1862 - January 1863
engaged at Holly Springs and Waterford - November 29 30
Siege and fall of Vicksburg - May - July 1863
assaults on Vicksburg May 19 22
engaged in closing up the lines in the rear until after the charge
placed on the left of the besieging lines
held its place close under the Rebel guns until their final surrender July 4, 1863
General Sherman's campaign against Jackson, Mississippi - July 1863
advance on Jackson - July 4 10
skirmishes at Big Black River and Champion Hills - July 4 5
assault on Jackson - engaged by the Rebels under Johnson - July 12 16
regiment occupied the extreme right of the attacking forces
Expedition to Harrisonburg , Louisiana - September 1863
capture of Port Beauregaard - September 4
General Sherman's Meridian campaign - February - March 1864
Champion Hills - February 5
Meridian - February 14 15
General McArthur's expedition to Yazoo City - May 1864
actions at Benton, Vaughn's Station, Deasonville , Big Black River Bridge, Yazoo City
General Slocum s expedition to Jackson, Mississippi - July 1864
engaged between Jackson and Clinton, Louisiana - lost 102 men (16 killed, 86 wounded and missing)
Expedition to Clinton, Louisiana - August 1864
Moves to White River, Duvall's Bluff, Arkansas, Memphis - September - December 1864
Moves to New Orleans, Mobile Point, Fort Barrancas , Florida - December 1864 - February 1865
General Steel's expedition from Pensacola - March - April 1865
occupation of Pollard - March 26
siege of Spanish Fort and Fort Blakely , Alabama - April 1 8
capture of Spanish Fort - April 8
assault and capture of Fort Blakely
the last battle of the war - April 9 lost 17 killed and 81 wounded. Colors of the 76th the first planted on the enemy works.
occupation of Mobile - April 12
occupation of Selma, Alabama - April 28 - May 11
Move to Galveston, Texas - June - July 1865
mustered out July 22. Ordered to Chicago, Illinois for pay and disbandment
ORGANIZATIONAL ASSIGNMENTS:
Attached to:
District of Columbus, Kentucky August 22 to October, 1862
District of Jackson, Mississippi
2nd Brigade, 4th Division to November, 1862
Department of the Tennessee
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, Right Wing, 13th Army Corps to December, 1862
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 17th Army Corps to January, 1863
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 16th Army Corps to July, 1863
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 13th Army Corps to August, 1863
2nd Brigade, 4th Division, 17th Army Corps to April, 1864
2nd Brigade, 1st Division, 17th Army Corps to August, 1864
Department of the Gulf
1st Brigade, 2nd Division, 19th Army Corps to December, 1864
Military Division - West Mississippi
2nd Brigade, Reserve Division to February, 1865
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, Reserve Corps to February, 1865
2nd Brigade, 2nd Division, 13th Army Corps, New to July, 1865
1901 First Defender Monument Dedication Reading, Pennsylvania Pin Back
Item #: 15794
Click image to enlarge
SOLD!!!
A super pin back commerating the 1901 First Defenders Monument Dedication on July 4, 1901 at Reading, Pennsylvania. The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. The monument is in the middle of the pin back. A U.S. flag is on the right side and a Union officer is on the left side. Written around the edge of the pin back is "Dedication First Defenders Monument - July 4, 1901". The pin back was made by the Keystone Badge Company of Reading, Pennsylvania. as noted on the back of the pin back.
A nice pin ack worn by a member of the Civil War Musicians National Association. The pin back is approximately 1 1/4 inches wide. A drum with crossed sticks is in the middle of the pin back. The pin back was made by the M.C. lilley Company of Columbus, Ohio as noted on the back of the pin back.
A wonderful, large pin back from the 1902 Wichita, Kansas Blue - Gray reunion held on September 22 - 27, 1902. This great pin back has an armed Confederate soldier shaking hands with an armed Union soldier. The U.S. flag is in the back ground. Written around the edge of the pin back is "19th Annual State Reunion - Wichita, Kan. Sept. 22d - 27th, 1902". Also on the edge of the pin back are sun flowers. The pin back is approximately 1 3/4 inches wide. The pin back was made by the Baltimore Badge & Novelty COmpany, Baltimore, Maryland. The pin back is very clean and nice.
A nice pin back with a photograph of Colonel Josiah Pickett of the 25th Massachusetts Infantry on it. The pin back is approximately 1 1/2 inches wide and is in good condition.
From the "Springfield Republican," page 5, 15 January 1908: Gen. Josiah Pickett Dead. Was Colonel of 25th Massachusetts and Under Military Arrest for Most of His Life. --- Gen. Josiah Pickett, one of the most prominent officers commanding a regiment during the civil war, colonel of the 25th Massachusetts regiment, and one of Worcester's most prominent citizens, died at 9 o'clock yesterday morning at his home in Worcester of a general breaking down of his constitution. During the war Gen. Pickett was placed under military arrest and this was never removed. The adjutant whose duty it would have been to record the arrest was killed in the conflict, and because of the heroism displayed by Worcester's soldier the charges against him were entirely forgotten. He was always rather proud of this distinction and refused to allow any movement to formally release him from the arrest ordered by Gen. Stannard but never carried into effect.
The announcement of Gen. Pickett's death was received with sincere regret by a host of people extending far beyond the ranks of the old Soldiers. The flags on the Worcester city hall and on the copmmon were lowered to half-mast because of his record as a public official, and the flag on the Grand Army hall was also half-masted. Arrangements for the funeral have not been completed, but the hour is fixed.... Burial will be in Rural cemetery.
Josiah Pickett was born in Beverly, November 22, 1822, the son of Josiah and Mary (Cressey) Pickett, and was the sixth decendant of Nicholas Pickett, who landed in Marblehead in 1647. He was married in Lowell in December, 1847, to Miss Elizabeth Burnham, who lived until two years ago. He went to Worcester in 1855, and since that time his history had been a part of the history of the city.
When there a short time he joined thw Worcester city guards, then commanded by Capt.(later Col.) George H. Ward, for whom the Worcester Grand Army post is named.
A nice badge worn by a member of the 75th New York Infantry at their 1924 reunion held in Auburn, New York. The hanger is a metal ring which holds a pinback. On the pinback is an eagle, Liberty Bell, Revolutionary War soldiers, and the Declaration of Independence. Attached to the hanger is a blue ribbon. Written on the ribbon is "44th Annual Reunion 75th N.Y. Volunteers - June 27th, 1924 - Auburn, N.Y.". The badge is approximately 6 7/8 inches long by 2 inches wide.
75th Infantry Regiment Civil War Auburn Regiment; Cayuga County Regiment
History
Mustered in: November 26, 1861 Mustered out: August 23, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. This regiment, Col. John A. Dodge, was organized at Auburn, received its numerical designation November 14, 1861; and was mustered in the service of the United States (nine companies), at Auburn, for three years, November 26, 1861. The men were recruited principally in the counties of Cayuga and Seneca. Company K joined the regiment June 24, 1862, having left the State June 13, 1862. In April, 1864, a new Company K was again organized to take the place of the one consolidated with the other companies April 10, 1864. The men entitled to be discharged at the expiration of the term of service were, November 19, 1864, ordered to Auburn, and there honorably discharged December 7, 1864; the regiment was continued in service, but consolidated, November 19, 1864, into a battalion of five companies, A, B, C, D and E; the men of Company H being transferred to Company A; those of I to Company B; of K to Company C; of G to Company D; and those of F to Company E. In April, 1865, the 31st Independent Company of Infantry joined the battalion as its Company F. | The regiment (nine companies) left the State December 6, 1861; served at Santa Rosa Island and Fort Pickens, Fla., from December, 1861; at Pensacola, Fla., from May, 1862; at New Orleans, La., Department of the Gulf, from September, 1862; in Weitzel's Reserve Brigade, Department of the Gulf, from October, 1862; in 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from January, 1863; in Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from August, 1863; in 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from September, 1863; was mounted and joined the 3d Cavalry Brigade in October, 1863; on veteran furlough in January and February, 1864, the non-veterans, about 90 men, serving with Companies K and L, I4th Cavalry, and rejoining the regiment June 28, 1864; the veteran regiment left for Washington, D. C., 22d Corps, as infantry, April 2, 1864; for Department of the Gulf, May 20, 1864; served in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 19th Corps, from June 4, 1864; with the Army of the James, from 21st to 31st of July, 1864; in the Shenandoah valley from August, 1864; left for Savannah, Ga., January II, 1865; served in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Corps, from February, 1865; in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Georgia, from March, 1865; and it was honorably discharged and mustered out, under Col. Robert P. York, August 31, 1865, at Savannah, Ga. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 3 officers, 50 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 42 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 109 enlisted men; total, 4 officers, 201 enlisted men; aggregate, 205; of whom 10 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy; and it, or portions of it.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Cols., John A. Dodge, Robert B. Mer-ritt, Robert P. York; Lieut.-Cols., Robert P. York, William M. Hosmer, Robert B. Merritt, Willoughby Babcock; Majs. Willoughby Babcock, Lewis E. Carpenter, Benjamin F. Thurber, William M. Hosmer, Charles H. Cox. The 75th, known as the Auburn regiment, was composed mainly of members from Cayuga and Seneca counties, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Auburn, for a three years' term, Nov. 26, 1861. It embarked for the south on Dec. 6; was stationed at Santa Rosa island and Fort Pickens, Fla., during its first winter in the service, and formed part of the garrison of Pensacola during the summer of 1862. While here Co. K joined the regiment, which was ordered to New Orleans in September. It was assigned to Weitzel's reserve brigade, which had a brisk fight at Georgia landing. Upon the organization of the 19th corps in Jan., 1863, the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division and moved to Bayou Teche, La. It lost 17 in an engagement at Fort Bisland in April, and in the assaults on Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14 it lost 107 in killed, wounded and miss-.ing, the 1st division bearing the brunt of the fight. After the surrender of Port Hudson, July 9, the troops performed garrison duty. From August to September, the regiment served with the reserve brigade of the 1st division; in September it was assigned to the 3d brigade of the same division; in October it was mounted and attached to the 3d cavalry brigade, and during the winter a sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 75th as a veteran regiment. While the reenlisted men were on furlough, the remainder of the regiment served with the 14th N. Y. cavalry and rejoined the regiment June 28, 1864. At Sabine Pass, the regiment lost 85 killed, wounded or missing and during Nov., 1863, it was stationed near New Iberia and Camp Lewis, La. In March, 1864, the command entered upon the Red River campaign and in July it was ordered to New Orleans. After the regiment was reunited, in June, 1864, it served until the middle of July with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, and then embarked for Virginia, where it became a part of the Army of the James and joined in the pursuit of Gen. Early in the Shenandoah Valley. It was engaged at Halltown, the Opequan, where the loss was 73 killed, wounded and missing, at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where it also suffered severely. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Auburn, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered early in Jan., 1865, to Savannah, Ga., and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps. The regiment served at Savannah until August, and in April, received the veterans and recruits of the 31st independent company N. Y. infantry. It was mustered out at Savannah, Aug. 3, 1865, having lost 106 by death from wounds, and 109 from other causes.
A super badge worn by a member of the 75th New York Infantry at their 1926 reunion held at Auburn, New York. The badge has a "T bar" attached to a red, white, and blue ribbon. Written on the ribbon is gold colored ink is "46th Annual Reunion 75th N.Y. Volunteers - June 29th 1926 - Auburn, N.Y. - Our Liberty Bell". A celluloid disk is attached to the ribbon. The Liberty bell is on the disk. The badge was made by the Bastian Bros. Company, Rochester, New York.
75th Infantry Regiment Civil War Auburn Regiment; Cayuga County Regiment
History
Mustered in: November 26, 1861 Mustered out: August 23, 1865
The following is taken from New York in the War of the Rebellion, 3rd ed. Frederick Phisterer. Albany: J. B. Lyon Company, 1912. This regiment, Col. John A. Dodge, was organized at Auburn, received its numerical designation November 14, 1861; and was mustered in the service of the United States (nine companies), at Auburn, for three years, November 26, 1861. The men were recruited principally in the counties of Cayuga and Seneca. Company K joined the regiment June 24, 1862, having left the State June 13, 1862. In April, 1864, a new Company K was again organized to take the place of the one consolidated with the other companies April 10, 1864. The men entitled to be discharged at the expiration of the term of service were, November 19, 1864, ordered to Auburn, and there honorably discharged December 7, 1864; the regiment was continued in service, but consolidated, November 19, 1864, into a battalion of five companies, A, B, C, D and E; the men of Company H being transferred to Company A; those of I to Company B; of K to Company C; of G to Company D; and those of F to Company E. In April, 1865, the 31st Independent Company of Infantry joined the battalion as its Company F. | The regiment (nine companies) left the State December 6, 1861; served at Santa Rosa Island and Fort Pickens, Fla., from December, 1861; at Pensacola, Fla., from May, 1862; at New Orleans, La., Department of the Gulf, from September, 1862; in Weitzel's Reserve Brigade, Department of the Gulf, from October, 1862; in 2d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from January, 1863; in Reserve Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from August, 1863; in 3d Brigade, 1st Division, 19th Corps, from September, 1863; was mounted and joined the 3d Cavalry Brigade in October, 1863; on veteran furlough in January and February, 1864, the non-veterans, about 90 men, serving with Companies K and L, I4th Cavalry, and rejoining the regiment June 28, 1864; the veteran regiment left for Washington, D. C., 22d Corps, as infantry, April 2, 1864; for Department of the Gulf, May 20, 1864; served in the 1st Brigade, 2d Division, 19th Corps, from June 4, 1864; with the Army of the James, from 21st to 31st of July, 1864; in the Shenandoah valley from August, 1864; left for Savannah, Ga., January II, 1865; served in the 1st Brigade, 1st Division, 10th Corps, from February, 1865; in the 3d Brigade, 1st Division, Department of Georgia, from March, 1865; and it was honorably discharged and mustered out, under Col. Robert P. York, August 31, 1865, at Savannah, Ga. During its service the regiment lost by death, killed in action, 3 officers, 50 enlisted men; of wounds received in action, 1 officer, 42 enlisted men; of disease and other causes, 109 enlisted men; total, 4 officers, 201 enlisted men; aggregate, 205; of whom 10 enlisted men died in the hands of the enemy; and it, or portions of it.
The following is taken from The Union army: a history of military affairs in the loyal states, 1861-65 -- records of the regiments in the Union army -- cyclopedia of battles -- memoirs of commanders and soldiers. Madison, WI: Federal Pub. Co., 1908. volume II. Seventy-fifth Infantry.—Cols., John A. Dodge, Robert B. Mer-ritt, Robert P. York; Lieut.-Cols., Robert P. York, William M. Hosmer, Robert B. Merritt, Willoughby Babcock; Majs. Willoughby Babcock, Lewis E. Carpenter, Benjamin F. Thurber, William M. Hosmer, Charles H. Cox. The 75th, known as the Auburn regiment, was composed mainly of members from Cayuga and Seneca counties, and was mustered into the service of the United States at Auburn, for a three years' term, Nov. 26, 1861. It embarked for the south on Dec. 6; was stationed at Santa Rosa island and Fort Pickens, Fla., during its first winter in the service, and formed part of the garrison of Pensacola during the summer of 1862. While here Co. K joined the regiment, which was ordered to New Orleans in September. It was assigned to Weitzel's reserve brigade, which had a brisk fight at Georgia landing. Upon the organization of the 19th corps in Jan., 1863, the regiment became a part of the 2nd brigade, 1st division and moved to Bayou Teche, La. It lost 17 in an engagement at Fort Bisland in April, and in the assaults on Port Hudson, May 27 and June 14 it lost 107 in killed, wounded and miss-.ing, the 1st division bearing the brunt of the fight. After the surrender of Port Hudson, July 9, the troops performed garrison duty. From August to September, the regiment served with the reserve brigade of the 1st division; in September it was assigned to the 3d brigade of the same division; in October it was mounted and attached to the 3d cavalry brigade, and during the winter a sufficiently large number of the men reenlisted to secure the continuance of the 75th as a veteran regiment. While the reenlisted men were on furlough, the remainder of the regiment served with the 14th N. Y. cavalry and rejoined the regiment June 28, 1864. At Sabine Pass, the regiment lost 85 killed, wounded or missing and during Nov., 1863, it was stationed near New Iberia and Camp Lewis, La. In March, 1864, the command entered upon the Red River campaign and in July it was ordered to New Orleans. After the regiment was reunited, in June, 1864, it served until the middle of July with the 1st brigade, 2nd division, 19th corps, and then embarked for Virginia, where it became a part of the Army of the James and joined in the pursuit of Gen. Early in the Shenandoah Valley. It was engaged at Halltown, the Opequan, where the loss was 73 killed, wounded and missing, at Fisher's hill and Cedar creek, where it also suffered severely. The original members not reenlisted were mustered out at Auburn, N. Y., Dec. 6, 1864, and the veterans and recruits consolidated into a battalion of five companies, which was ordered early in Jan., 1865, to Savannah, Ga., and assigned to the 1st brigade, 1st division, 10th corps. The regiment served at Savannah until August, and in April, received the veterans and recruits of the 31st independent company N. Y. infantry. It was mustered out at Savannah, Aug. 3, 1865, having lost 106 by death from wounds, and 109 from other causes.
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Antietam